Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Trends in biotechnology (2013-11-16)

Rakesh Koppram, Elia Tomás-Pejó, Charilaos Xiros, Lisbeth Olsson

摘要

In brewing and ethanol-based biofuel industries, high-gravity fermentation produces 10-15% (v/v) ethanol, resulting in improved overall productivity, reduced capital cost, and reduced energy input compared to processing at normal gravity. High-gravity technology ensures a successful implementation of cellulose to ethanol conversion as a cost-competitive process. Implementation of such technologies is possible if all process steps can be performed at high biomass concentrations. This review focuses on challenges and technological efforts in processing at high-gravity conditions and how these conditions influence the physiology and metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, the action of enzymes, and other process-related factors. Lignocellulosic materials add challenges compared to implemented processes due to high inhibitors content and the physical properties of these materials at high gravity.

材料

货号

品牌

产品描述

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, for molecular biology

459844

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

459828

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, HPLC/spectrophotometric grade

493546

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

E7148

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, for molecular biology

270741

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, suitable for HPLC

362808

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, reagent grade

493511

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%

02857

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL¹, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)

E-029

Supelco

乙醇-50标准液 CRM, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

459836

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

E-040

Supelco

乙醇-10标准液 CRM, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

48075

Supelco

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32221

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, puriss. p.a., absolute, ≥99.8% (GC)

E-030

Supelco

乙醇-80 标准液 CRM, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-053

Supelco

乙醇-500标准液 CRM, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

乙醇-100（10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-033

Supelco

乙醇-300标准液 CRM, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E2385

Supelco

10% (v/v) 乙醇标准品, 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

51976

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o¹)

E-041

Supelco

乙醇-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

1012772

USP

无水酒精, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

E-032

Supelco

乙醇-200 (10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-056

Supelco

乙醇-20（10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 20 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-035

Supelco

Ethanol 溶液, 25 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-036

Supelco

乙醇-400（10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 400 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-034

Supelco

乙醇校准套装, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

187380

Sigma-Aldrich

乙醇，变性, reagent grade