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Aflatoxin is the most common food toxin that is harmful to human and animal health. The most frequent aflatoxins are B1, B2, G1, and G2, which can affect the body through respiratory, mucosal, or cutaneous routes, causing an excessive inflammatory response. Aflatoxin can infect crops during their growing stages or even after they are harvested. It mainly targets the liver and can impair the effectiveness of immunization in children, increasing the risk of infection. Aflatoxin detection and quantification in food and feed is a critical part of food and feed safety concerns. The absorption and emission spectra of aflatoxins are commonly used to detect and identify them, with the highest absorbance occurring at 360 nm. Aflatoxin is frequently degraded, mitigated, and managed using a variety of treatments, including chemical, physical, and biological approaches.

Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic metabolites. They are produced by molds, such as, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They are naturally found poisonous carcinogens and the most widely known mycotoxins.

Four aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus