Anti-Aconitase 2/ACO2 Antibody, clone 1D15 ZooMAb^® Rabbit Monoclonal

We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.

ZooMAb^® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.Each ZooMAb^® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb^® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

Clone 1D15 is a ZooMAb^® Rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects mitochondrial Aconitase (ACO2). It targets an epitope within 24 amino acids from the C-terminal half.

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 24 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Aconitase 2.

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Western Blotting in C6 cell lysate.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:3,000 dilution of this antibody detected Aconitase 2/ACO2 in C6 cell lysate.

Tested applications

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:3,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Aconitase 2/ACO2 in C2C12, SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, HepG2, and Jurkat cell lysates.

Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:300 dilution from a representative lot detected Aconitase 2/ACO2 in HepG2 cells.

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Aconitase 2/ACO2 in human kidney tissue sections.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user

Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial (UniProt: Q99798; also known as Aconitase 2, Citrate hydro-lyase) is encoded by the ACO2 gene (Gene ID: 50) in human. Aconitases are iron-sulfur (4Fe-4S) proteins that catalyze the reversible isomerization of citrate and isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Two aconitase enzymes have been reported in mammalian tissue, the cytosolic form (ACO1) and the mitochondrial form (ACO2). ACO2 is part of the TCA cycle and the cytosolic aconitase serves as a trans-regulatory factor that controls iron homeostasis at a post-transcriptional level. ACO2 is synthesized with a mitochondrial transit peptide (aa 1-27), which is subsequently cleaved off. It has two substrate binding sites that are localized in amino acids 192-194 and 670-671. ACO2 contains a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster that directly interacts with the substrate. The iron-sulfur (4Fe-4S) cofactor is held in place by the sulfur atoms on Cys385, Cys448, and Cys451, which are bound to three of the four available iron atoms. A fourth iron atom (Fea ) is included in the cluster together with a water molecule when the enzyme is activated. Fe , is not ligated to a protein residue, and can bind to hydroxyl groups of substrates or water. ACO2 is reported to be highly sensitive to superoxide, peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide. The most likely targets in ACO2 reactive oxygen species inactivation are the 4Fe-4S clusters. Reduced levels of ACO2 have been reported in breast cancer cell lines and human tumor biopsies. Increased expression of ACO2 impairs cell proliferation and commits cells to redirect pyruvate to mitochondria, which weakens Warburg-like bioenergetic features. Mutations n ACO2 gene are known to cause infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration (ICRD), a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by truncal hypotonia, athetosis, seizures, and ophthalmologic abnormalities, particularly optic atrophy, and retinal degeneration. A mutation in gene for iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein (ISCU) has been linked to myopathy and exercise intolerance where physical strain can be lethal due to a circulatory shock. This ZooMAbZooMAb^® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.(Ref.: Ciccarone, F., e+D3t al. (2020). Br. J. Cancer. 122(2); 182-193; Gardner, PR., et al. (1995). J. Biol. Chem. 270(22); 13399-13405; Lauble, H., et al. (1994). J. Mol. Biol. 237(4); 437-451).

Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.

300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.