Anti-Z-DNA Antibody, clone Z22 ZooMAb^® Mouse Monoclonal

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ZooMAb^® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb^® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb^® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

Clone Z22 ZooMAb^® mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Z-DNA.

Methylated BSA-conjugated to brominated poly (dG-dC)

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by ELISA with E. coli DNA and Human placental DNA.

ELISA Analysis: A Serial Dilution of this antibody detected E. coli Z-DNA and Human placental Z-DNA.

Tested Applications

Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected Z-DNA in mouse testis.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.

Z-DNA is a left-handed helical form of DNA in which the double Helix^™ winds to the left in a zigzag pattern. It plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and is involved in DNA processing events and/or genetic instability. Z-DNA-forming sequences have the potential to enhance the frequencies of recombination, deletion, and translocation events in cellular systems. Z-DNA can form in regions of alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence. (GC)n sequences form Z-DNA most easily. (GT)n sequences can also form Z-DNA; however, they require a greater stabilization energy for formation. (AT)n generally does not form Z-DNA. (AT)n can form Z-DNA only when up to 10 alternating A · T base pairs are embedded within a (GC)n or (GT)n region. Under conditions of high negative supercoiling, high salt, and the presence of NiCl2 can also cause (AT)n to form left-handed DNA. Z-DNA represents a high-energy state for DNA and the most energy required for the B to Z transition is supplied by negative supercoiling. Structurally, Z-DNA is thinner, more extended, and has more base pairs per turn than B-DNA. The purine bases of Z-DNA are rotated into the syn (C3′-endo) conformation. However, the pyrimidine bases maintain an anti-conformation. In Z-DNA, the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone follows a zigzag left-handed course rather than the smoothly spiraling right-handed PATH^® found in B-DNA. This ZooMAb^® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, Affinity^™, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Wang, G., and Vasquez, KM. (2007). Front. Biosci. 12: 4424-4438; Nejedlý, K., et al. (1989). FEBS Lett. 243(2); 313-317; Klysik, J., et al. (1988). Nucleic Acids Res. 16(14B); 6915-6933).

Purified recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

Affinity is a trademark of Mine Safety Appliances Co.

Helix is a trademark of Glass Expansion Pty Ltd

PATH is a registered trademark of Courtagen Life Sciences, Inc.

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.