GREMLIN-1 human

The interplay between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands and their natural antagonists has major biological significance during development processes, in which cellular response can vary considerably depending upon the local concentration of the signaling molecule. Gremlin is highly expressed in the small intestine, fetal brain, and colon and lower expression in brain, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Gremlin-1 regulates multiple functions in early development by specifically binding to and inhibiting the function of bone morphogenetic proteins -2,-4,-7 (BMP-2, -4, and -7). The protein has a role in limb and digit formation and in nephrogenesis. It also plays a role in carcinogenesis and kidney branching morphogenesis.

Gremlin-1 (isoform-1) belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. The gene encoding this protein is localized on human chromosome 15q13.3. Recombinant Gremlin-1 is a 13.7kDa protein containing 160 amino acid residues.

Lyophilized from 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 7.5 + 150 mM NaCl.

Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 1 week. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer containing a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.