质量水平
检测方案
≥95% (titration)
形式
powder
pKa (25 °C)
(1) 3.46, (2) 5.10
mp
101-103 °C (lit.)
溶解性
water: 100 mg/mL, clear to very slightly hazy, colorless
SMILES字符串
O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
InChI key
BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
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一般描述
L-苹果酸是天然存在的苹果酸异构体，主要存在于酸味和未成熟的果实中。
应用
L-(-)-苹果酸可用于制备：
- (S)-苹果酸二乙酯
- (R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯
- (S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯
- D-高苯丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐
- 呋喃并[3,2-i]吲哚嗪
警示用语：
Warning
危险声明
危险分类
Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2
WGK
WGK 1
闪点(°F)
Not applicable
闪点(°C)
Not applicable
个人防护装备
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
A practical synthesis of ethyl (R)-and (S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate and D-homophenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride from L-malic acid.
Lin WQ, et al.
Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 12(11), 1583-1587 (2001)
Lei Shi et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 368(6497) (2020-05-23)
Although perovskite solar cells have produced remarkable energy conversion efficiencies, they cannot become commercially viable without improvements in durability. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal signature volatile products of the decomposition of organic hybrid perovskites under thermal stress.
A stereospecific synthesis of (-)-Bestatin from L-malic acid.
Norman BH and Morris ML.
Tetrahedron Letters, 33(45), 6803-6806 (1992)
Asymmetric synthesis of furo [3, 2-i] indolizines from L-malic acid.
Lee YS, et al.
Tetrahedron, 55(15), 4631-4636 (1999)
Mc Murry JE
Organic Chemistry , Biological Approach (2016)
实验方案
Enzymatic Assay of Fumarase
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