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一般描述
明胶是一种亲水胶体。商业生产的明胶来自于牛骨、猪骨和兽皮。作为胶原部分水解产物，主要成分为蛋白质，其他为矿物质和水。
应用
明胶（来源于猪皮）已用于：
- 包被培养板玻璃底部，以便培养A75细胞和进行明胶降解分析
- 包被玻片，以进行脑切片组织学研究
- 合成甲基丙烯酸酯化明胶(GelMA)预聚物，用于细胞封装和3D打印水凝胶
- 制备巯基化明胶(GelSH)水凝胶，用于3D生物打印(3D projection bioprinting)
明胶（来源于猪皮）建议以1-5 μg/cm2或0.5-50 μg/ml用作细胞培养基底。最佳的浓度的确取决于细胞类型以及应用和研究目标。
生化/生理作用
明胶聚合物可作为胶原的生物材料替代物，用于细胞和组织培养。作为精挑细选的胶凝剂，可用作增稠剂和食品配料。明胶还可用作发泡剂和黏合剂，以及用于医药行业。因生物可降解性和生物相容性，适合生物医药应用，尤其适合作为心血管组织再生的生物材料。
组分
明胶存在于胶原蛋白中，是一种具有高平均分子量的水溶性蛋白质的异质性混合物。 通过在水中将相关的皮肤、肌腱、韧带、骨骼等进行煮沸来提取蛋白质。 A类明胶来自于酸固化组织。 B类明胶来自于石灰固化组织。
注意
干燥的明胶，当在室温下储存于密闭容器中时，将可保持多年不变。 当在空气存在时在100℃下加热时，它会溶胀变软，并分解成碳质物质并伴有吡啶碱和氨的释放。
制备说明
该产品源自于猪皮。明胶可溶于热水而非冷水。 它几乎不溶于大多数有机溶剂，如醇、氯仿、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、乙醚、苯、丙酮和油。 由Bloom凝胶计所测定的Bloom指数，可表示由已知浓度溶液而形成的凝胶的强度。 Bloom指数与平均分子量成正比。 猪皮明胶的Bloom值在90至300 g之间。本品的胶冻强度达300，可溶于水(50 mg/mL)。
WGK
nwg
闪点(°F)
Not applicable
闪点(°C)
Not applicable
个人防护装备
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
法规信息
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