2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-spirobifluorene

While dye sensitization as the basis for color photography has been accepted for a very long time,1 attempts to use this principle for the conversion of solar light to electricity generally had resulted only in very low photocurrents, below 100 nA/cm

For several decades, the need for an environmentally sustainable and commercially viable source of energy has driven extensive research aimed at achieving high efficiency power generation systems that can be manufactured at low cost.

近几十年来，人们对于环境可持续、商业可行的能源的迫切需求，催生并推动了大量致力实现低生产成本、高能效发电系统的研究工作。