硫酸葡聚糖

结构

硫酸葡聚糖以钠盐形式供应，使其在水中可溶且稳定。硫酸葡聚糖含有大约17%的硫，相当于每个葡糖基残基大约有2.3个硫酸基团。

葡聚糖是葡萄糖酐聚合物。由大约95%的α-D-(166)键组成。其余的(163)键组成了葡聚糖的分支^1,2,3。分支长度上的数据冲突提示平均分支长度是小于三个葡萄糖单位的^4,5 。然而，其他方法表明也存在有超过50个葡萄糖单位的分支^6,7。

较低分子量（MW）的葡聚糖分支较少⁴ 并且MW分布范围更窄。⁸

在低离子强度溶液中，由于带负电的硫酸根基团的排斥，硫酸葡聚糖聚合物将会完全伸展。⁹ 在高离子强度溶液中，聚合物会收缩并与去离子化葡聚糖更相似。⁹ 在硫酸根基团的可滴定范围内的pH变化会引起膨胀和收缩。⁹硫酸葡聚糖的分子量可通过以下一种或多种方法进行测量：低角度激光散射¹⁰、尺寸排阻色谱¹¹和粘度¹²。

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产品信息

我们的葡聚糖来源于肠膜明串珠菌，菌株B 512。各种分子量由有限的水解和分馏生产。硫酸酯化反应在温和条件下进行。我们供应商采用的确切方法已申请专利。葡萄聚糖的分馏可以通过尺寸排阻色谱¹¹ 或乙醇分级，其中分子量最大的葡聚糖首先沉淀。¹⁷

储存方法/稳定性

如果在室温下适当保存，硫酸葡聚糖粉末将至少保持稳定两到三年。

溶解度/溶液稳定性

我们对100 mg/mL硫酸葡聚糖在水中的溶解度进行了测试。之后获得了透明溶液。缓冲右旋糖酐水溶液可在 110-115 °C 下高压灭菌30至45分钟。⁸ 葡聚糖可在高温下被强酸水解。硫酸葡聚糖对钙离子的亲和力高于对钠离子的亲和力。硫酸葡聚糖的钙盐是不溶的。⁸ 硫酸葡聚糖的游离酸（氢）形式酸性很强，在溶液中会如粉末一样迅速自动水解。⁸

应用

脂蛋白分离

硫酸葡聚糖通常用于选择性沉淀脂蛋白。

在存在0.05%硫酸葡聚糖(MW 15000)和0.05M MnCl₂的条件下，VLDL和LDL会发生沉淀。从而将最终浓度增加至0.65%硫酸葡聚糖0.2M MnCl₂，导致HDL继续沉淀。¹⁴

硫酸葡聚糖（分子量500,000）同样可用于测定HDL胆固醇。¹⁵

杂交

加入终浓度为10%的硫酸葡聚糖可加速标记探针与膜固定化DNA的杂交。¹⁶ 我们可提供分子生物学级的硫酸葡聚糖（分子量500,000）（货号D8906）用于该应用。

其他核酸相关应用

硫酸葡聚糖已被证明可从DNA-组蛋白复合物中释放DNA。¹⁷ 硫酸葡聚糖可抑制RNA与核糖体的结合。^18,19 它还是一种有效的核糖核酸酶抑制剂²⁰，并已被用于分离核糖体。²¹

其他应用

硫酸葡聚糖与聚乙二醇被一起用于细菌、病毒、蛋白质和核酸的双相聚合物分离。²²

已经研究了这对细胞增殖的影响。²³

已证明其可与纤维蛋白原形成不溶性复合物。²⁴

并发现硫酸葡聚糖可与病毒结合并抑制对易感细胞的初始吸附。²⁵

参考文献

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