How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

摘要

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

材料

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产品描述

266523

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, ReagentPlus^®, beads, 5-15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

266574

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

733369

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis

GF24569602

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF44675781

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF98718935

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF26812043

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF63629219

铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF51598761

铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF94706354

铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF95825403

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF12712610

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%

GF29732496

铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF64700524

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF32029444

铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF31003456

铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF72634103

铝, rod, 50mm, diameter 28mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF51278070

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF02417677

铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF72281088

铝, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF93280732

铝, rod, 500mm, diameter 15.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF20784360

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 2.5mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF04958084

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF04614724

铝, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF19881928

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF86830566

铝, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF44722469

铝, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF48732532

铝, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF33055185

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%