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P6628

Sigma-Aldrich

Pilocarpine nitrate salt

≥98% (HPLC)

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Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C11H16N2O2 · HNO3
CAS Number:
148-72-1
Molecular Weight:
271.27
Beilstein:
4171406
EC Number:
205-723-7
MDL number:
MFCD00078497
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
57654548
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

100

Assay

≥98% (HPLC)

form

powder

optical activity

[α]25/D +83°, c = 10 in H2O(lit.)

color

white

solubility

H2O: 100 mg/mL

SMILES string

O[N+]([O-])=O.CC[C@H]1[C@H](COC1=O)Cc2cncn2C

InChI

1S/C11H16N2O2.HNO3/c1-3-10-8(6-15-11(10)14)4-9-5-12-7-13(9)2;2-1(3)4/h5,7-8,10H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3;(H,2,3,4)/t8-,10-;/m0./s1

InChI key

PRZXEPJJHQYOGF-GNAZCLTHSA-N

Gene Information

human ... CHRM1(1128) , CHRM2(1129) , CHRM3(1131) , CHRM4(1132) , CHRM5(1133)

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Application

Pilocarpine nitrate salt has been used to measure bronchoconstriction and M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor function in vivo. It has also been used to induce electrographic and behavioral seizures and to study the different patterns of neuronal activation and neurodegeneration in Proechimys rats and Wistar rats.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; used to produce an experimental model of epilepsy.
Pilocarpine is a cholinergic muscarinic agonist, useful in inducing epilepsy in animal models. It is specially used to study the pathogenesis of epileptogenesis and pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Pilocarpine application is more popular among the rat and mice models.

Pictograms

Flame over circleSkull and crossbones
GHS03,GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H272,H302,H330

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 2 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Ox. Sol. 2

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Regulatory Information

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Hyperinsulinemia potentiates airway responsiveness to parasympathetic nerve stimulation in obese rats
Nie Z, et al.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 51(2), 251-261 (2014)
Different patterns of neuronal activation and neurodegeneration in the thalamus and cortex of epilepsy-resistant Proechimys rats versus Wistar rats after pilocarpine-induced protracted seizures
Andrioli A, et al.
Epilepsia, 50(4), 832-848 (2009)
Linda Holtman et al.
Epilepsia, 54(4), 589-595 (2013-02-13)
Brain inflammation occurs during epileptogenesis and may contribute to the development and progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Recently, several studies have indicated that seizures may also increase specific blood plasma cytokine levels in animal models as well as in human
Olav B Smeland et al.
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33(7), 1090-1097 (2013-04-25)
Although certain metabolic characteristics such as interictal glucose hypometabolism are well established for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of brain metabolism in a mouse model of TLE, induced by pilocarpine-status
Manuela Mazzuferi et al.
Annals of neurology, 74(4), 560-568 (2013-05-21)
Epigenetic mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of multiple molecular pathways are potentially attractive therapeutic interventions for epilepsy, because single target therapies are unlikely to provide both anticonvulsant and disease-modifying effects. A selection of epilepsy-related gene expression data sets were retrieved
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