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Safety Information

H9395

Sigma-Aldrich

α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus

lyophilized powder, Protein ~60 % by Lowry, ≥10,000 units/mg protein

Synonym(s):

α-Toxin

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About This Item

CAS Number:
94716-94-6
MDL number:
MFCD00130489
UNSPSC Code:
12352202
NACRES:
NA.56
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biological source

Staphylococcus aureus

Quality Level

300

form

lyophilized powder

specific activity

≥10,000 units/mg protein

contains

sodium citrate buffer as balance

composition

Protein, ~60% Lowry

solubility

H2O: soluble 0.49-0.51 mg/mL

UniProt accession no.

Q2G1X0

storage temp.

2-8°C

Gene Information

Staphylococcus aureus ... SAOUHSC_01121(3920722)

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output

product water quality: type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm)

output

product water quality: type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm)
product water quality: type 2 water (> 5 MΩ·cm)

output

product water quality: type 2 water (> 5 MΩ·cm)

output

product water quality: type 2 water (> 5 MΩ·cm)
product water quality: type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm)

parameter

1.5 L/min flow rate, 9.1 kg operating weight (19.84 lb)

parameter

≤2 L/min distribution flow rate (Type I), 15 L/hr flow rate (Type II), 30 kg operating weight (66 lb), 300 L/day max. usage

parameter

15 L/hr flow rate, 30.0 kg operating weight (66 lb), 300 L/day max. usage, ~2 L/min distribution flow rate

parameter

≤2 L/min distribution flow rate (Type I), 100 L/day max. usage, 26.0 kg operating weight (57.3 lb), 5 L/hr flow rate (Type II)

input

feed water nature ultrapure water

input

feed water nature potable tap water

input

feed water nature potable tap water

input

feed water nature potable tap water

packaging

pkg of 1 unit

packaging

pkg of 1 unit

packaging

pkg of 1 unit (System + E-POD®)

packaging

pkg of 1 unit

conductivity

0.055 μS/cm (Ultrapure water)

conductivity

0.055 μS/cm at 25 °C (Ultrapure Water), <0.2 μS/cm at 25 °C (Pure Water)

conductivity

0.2 μS/cm at 25 °C (water output)

conductivity

0.055 μS/cm at 25 °C (Ultrapure Water), <0.2 μS/cm at 25 °C (Pure Water)

AC/DC input

100 V / 240 V, 50-60 Hz

AC/DC input

100 V / 230 V AC, 50-60 Hz

AC/DC input

100 V / 240 V, 50-60 Hz

AC/DC input

100 V / 230 V AC, 50-60 Hz

General description

α-Hemolysin, a pore-forming cytotoxin[1] is an extracellular protein secreted by most strains of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. It is secreted as a water-soluble monomer and is a small β-barrel protein.[1]

Application

α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus has been used:
  • as a component of electrolyte solution for testing pore formation in lipid bilayer using electrophysiological measurements[2]
  • to test its osteogenesis suppressive effects in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)[3]
  • in the preparation of α-hemolysin molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for Biacore and surface plasmon resonance[4]

α-Hemolysin was used in a study to test the efflux pump and haemolysin activity of Escherichia coli of dairy origin. It was also used to test its adaptation to benzalkonium chloride and the effect of ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation.[5]

Biochem/physiol Actions

α-Hemolysin is selectively hemolytic and the monomeric form binds to a membrane and specific receptors are not required for binding. Upon binding to biological membranes and/or artificial membranes, self-oligomerization occurs, resulting in ring structures (hexameric aggregates) believed to represent transmembrane pores, which are permeable to ions and small metabolites.[1] It has a marked preference for rabbit red blood cells.[6] α-hemolysin stimulates cellular phospholipases and induces a Ca2+ influx.[7] It leads to membrane disruption of the endothelial barrier and leakage of cytoplasmic components[1] and osmotic lysis of the cells.[6] α-hemolysin is implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis.[4]

Packaging

Package size based on protein content

Unit Definition

One hemolytic unit will cause 50% lysis of a 1% suspension of rabbit red blood cells in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.0, containing 1% bovine serum albumin after 30 min at 37 °C followed by refrigeration for 30 min at 4 °C.

Pictograms

Health hazardExclamation mark
GHS08,GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H315,H319,H371

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 2

Target Organs

Lungs,Blood

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Regulatory Information

高风险级别生物产品--毒素类产品

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000353712
0000353711
0000353711
0000353712
0000187410

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François Vandenesch et al.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2, 12-12 (2012-08-25)
One key aspect of the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus lies in its ability to target the host cell membrane with a large number of membrane-damaging toxins and peptides. In this review, we describe the hemolysins, the bi-component leukocidins (which include
Ankita Pagedar et al.
The Journal of dairy research, 79(4), 383-389 (2012-08-10)
The present study investigates the effect of adaptive resistance to ciprofloxacin (Cip) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) on biofilm formation potential (BFP), efflux pump activity (EPA) and haemolysin activity of Escherichia coli isolates of dairy origin. All the isolates, irrespective of
Gregory J Digby et al.
The Journal of physiology, 586(14), 3325-3335 (2008-05-24)
Signalling by heterotrimeric G proteins is often isoform-specific, meaning certain effectors are regulated exclusively by one family of heterotrimers. For example, in excitable cells inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are activated by G betagamma dimers derived specifically from G(i/o) heterotrimers.
Bryan J Berube et al.
Toxins, 5(6), 1140-1166 (2013-07-31)
Staphylococcus aureus secretes a number of host-injurious toxins, among the most prominent of which is the small β-barrel pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin. Initially named based on its properties as a red blood cell lytic toxin, early studies suggested a far greater
Rakez Kayed et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 284(7), 4230-4237 (2008-12-23)
Amyloid oligomers are believed to play causal roles in several types of amyloid-related neurodegenerative diseases. Several different types of amyloid oligomers have been reported that differ in morphology, size, or toxicity, raising the question of the pathological significance and structural
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Cell lysis and protein extraction methods overview various techniques, from detergent solubilization to mechanical disruption, supporting research needs.

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