Lipopolysaccharide

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharides initiate a variety of biochemical cell activation pathways (PKC, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, arachidonate metabolism, protein myristoylation, and activation of G-proteins). These unique macromolecules have been extensively studied in order to elucidate and define revelent pathophysiological parameters of endotoxin shock, a profound life-threatening consequence of bacterial sepsis. More recently, these bacterial products have generated intense interest due to their pluripotential immunostimulatory activity, as manifested by the activation of host cells (e.g. B lymphocytes, macrophages) to functional differentiation. Host cells activated by lipopolysaccharides produce a spectrum of hormone-active lymphokines and monokines, including interferons (α, β, and γ), interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor, platelet activating factor and procoagulant tissue factor. Stimulates the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Induces apoptosis in mouse thymus and swine lymphocytes.

Stimulates the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Induces apoptosis in mouse thymus and swine lymphocytes.

Cell permeable: no

Primary Target
Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Product does not compete with ATP.

Reversible: no

Toxicity: Harmful (C)

Following reconstitution, store in the refrigerator (4°C). Aqueous stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months at 4°C.

Hattori, S., et al. 1995. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 35, 177.
Mayeux, P.R., et al. 1995. Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 115.
Norimatsu, M., et al. 1995. Infect. Immun.63, 1122.
Feinstein, D.L., et al. 1993. J. Neurochem. 60, 1945.
Zhang, Y.H., et al. 1993. Infect. Immun.61, 5044.

CALBIOCHEM is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany