Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).

Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 has been used:

• to stimulate an inflammatory response in porcine liver tissues in-vivo[1] and piglet ileum tissues ex vivo[2]
• to stimulate Ex vivo natural killer(NK) cells[3] and hepatic B cells[4]
• to induce arthritis in a standard rabbit model[5]

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are distributed on the outer layer of the membrane and in non-capsulated strains, present on the cell surface. LPS maintains the outer membrane integrity. In addition, it protects the cell from bile salts stress and lipophilic antibiotics.[6]

The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 ^oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.