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图 1.BINOL衍生的手性磷酸
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图 2.还原胺化反应
烯丙基化反应
醛的对映选择性烯丙基化可在非低温条件下(-30 °C)以非常温和的条件完成。2
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图 3.烯丙基化反应
Friedel-Crafts烷基化
可以通过不对称烷基化以对映体富集的形式获得功能化的吲哚3,4和吡咯5。
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图 4.Friedel-Crafts烷基化
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参考文献
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Rueping M, Sugiono E, Azap C, Theissmann T, Bolte M. 2005. Enantioselective Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation:? Organocatalytic Reduction of Imines. Org. Lett.. 7(17):3781-3783. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol0515964
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Hoffmann S, Seayad AM, List B. 2005. A Powerful Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 44(45):7424-7427. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503062
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Storer RI, Carrera DE, Ni Y, MacMillan DWC. 2006. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reductive Amination. J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 128(1):84-86. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja057222n
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Jain P, Antilla JC. 2010. Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Allylboration of Aldehydes. J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 132(34):11884-11886. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104956s
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Terada M, Sorimachi K. 2007. Enantioselective Friedel?Crafts Reaction of Electron-Rich Alkenes Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 129(2):292-293. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0678166
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Itoh J, Fuchibe K, Akiyama T. 2008. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes: Cooperative Effect of 3 Å Molecular Sieves. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 47(21):4016-4018. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200800770
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He Y, Lin M, Li Z, Liang X, Li G, Antilla JC. 2011. Direct Synthesis of Chiral 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines via a Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Aza-Friedel?Crafts Reaction. Org. Lett.. 13(17):4490-4493. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol2018328
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