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Leak Resistant Film for Single-Use Bioprocessing Bags

Single-use technology is used throughout biomanufacturing in single-use bioreactors, mixers, as well as storage and transportation solutions. Selecting a single-use bioprocessing film requires careful consideration of specific application needs. The integrity of the film used in single-use containers is critical to minimizing leaks and maintaining reliable manufacturing operations. Ultimus® film is designed to maintain container integrity, even in challenging large volume single-use applications. This article summarizes performance of this film against the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards, commonly used to assess strength and robustness in bioprocessing films.

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Structure of Ultimus® Film

Ultimus® film is a multilayered film that provides enhanced bag strength, improved durability and leak resistance through a novel strength layer reinforced by woven nylon. The fluid contact layer is made of ultra-low density polyethylene (ULDPE), promotes healthy cell growth, and is free of Irgafos® 168 and animal origin-free components. The strength layer contains woven nylon, sandwiched between layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and provides both strength and flexibility. The gas barrier layer is made of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) while the film’s low-density polyethylene (LDPE) outer layer minimizes leaks through resistance to abrasion, puncture, stretching and tearing.

Schematic showing the multiple layers of Ultimus® single-use film with labels for each layer. From top to bottom: LDPE (Outer Layer), ULDPE (Inner Layer), EVOH (Gas Barrier), ULDPE (Inner Layer), Woven Nylon and EVA (Strength Layer), and ULDPE (Fluid Contact Layer). Total thickness is noted as 0.0155 inches (0.39 mm).

Figure 1.Schematic of Ultimus® film structure showing the LDPE outer layer, EVOH gas barrier, Woven nylon and EVA strength layer and ULDPE safe fluid contact inner layer. The film thickness is 0.0155 in. (0.39 mm).

Evaluating Ultimus® Film Strength Against ASTM Standards

The ASTM defines technical standards for various materials, products and systems, including film. ASTM standard test methods were used to compare Ultimus® film performance to the average performance of five commercially available bioprocessing films.

Tensile Strength (ASTM D882: Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting)

Results show that Ultimus® film has 2.8x higher tensile strength compared to the average of the five commercially available single-use bioprocessing films tested.

Bar and dot chart comparing tensile strength in lbf for Industry Films and Ultimus® Film. The industry average is about 40 lbf, indicated by a blue bar, with an industry maximum around 70 lbf, shown by a pink dot. Ultimus® Film exhibits significantly greater strength, with a tensile strength represented by a yellow polka-dotted bar.

Figure 2.Relative tensile strength of Ultimus® film compared to other single-use films.

Abrasion Resistance (ASTM F3300: Abrasion Resistance of Flexible Packaging Films using a Reciprocating Weighted Stylus)

Ultimus® film showed 10x higher abrasion resistance compared to the average of five industry films tested.

Bar and dot chart displaying durability in terms of cycles at 500g for Industry Films and Ultimus® Film. Industry Films average around 1000 cycles, represented by a blue bar, with an industry maximum near 2000, marked by a pink dot. Ultimus® Film demonstrates much higher durability, shown by a yellow polka-dotted bar reaching nearly 6000 cycles.

Figure 3.Relative abrasian resistance of Ultimus® film compared to other single-use films.

Puncture Force (ASTM F1306: Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates)

The puncture force for Ultimus® film was 2x higher compared to the average of five commercially available single-use bioprocessing films tested.

Bar and dot chart showing puncture force in lbf for Industry Films and Ultimus® Film. Industry Films have an average puncture force of around 15 lbf, shown by a blue bar, with an industry maximum around 30 lbf, indicated by a pink dot. Ultimus® Film significantly exceeds this with a puncture force shown by a yellow polka-dotted bar.

Figure 4.Relative force required to puncture Ultimus® film compared to other single-use films.

Number of Pinholes (ASTM F392: Standard Practice for Conditioning Flexible Barrier Materials for Flex Durability)

Ultimus® film contained 100% fewer pinholes compared to the average of five commercially available single-use bioprocessing films tested.

Bar and dot chart comparing the number of pinholes in Industry Films and Ultimus® Film. Industry Films have an average of about 1 pinhole, shown by a solid blue bar, with an industry maximum at about 1.2, marked by a pink dot. Ultimus® Film has 0 pinholes.

Figure 5.Relative flex durability of Ultimus® film compared to other single-use films.

Structure and Durability Testing of Containers at Large Scale

Both the damage resistance of the single-use film structure and seal strength are important in bioprocessing applications. The following tests assessed structure and durability of containers made with Ultimus® film.

Burst Container for Structure Evaluation

  • Test description: This test evaluates material structure by measuring the pressure a bag can withstand before bursting. Mobius® single-use bags (10 in. X 8 in.) made with Ultimus® and PureFlex™ films were filled with water and pressurized until they burst.
  • Results: Single-use bags made with Ultimus® film withstood 27 psi of pressure, a 2.8x improvement in bag assembly structure and seal strength over bags made with PureFlex™ film.
Bar chart showing psi at burst for PureFlex™ Film and Ultimus® Film. PureFlex™ has a burst pressure around 5 psi, represented by a horizontal striped bar, while Ultimus® reaches approximately 25 psi, indicated by a yellow polka-dotted bar.

Figure 6.Bags made from Ultimus® film required 2.8x more pressure to burst compared to bags made with PureFlex™ film.

Large-Scale Multiple Fill and Drain for Robustness Testing

  • Test description: In large-volume applications, extreme overhandling of the bags can contribute to leaks. To assess robustness under extreme conditions, Mobius® bag assemblies made with Ultimus® film were gamma irradiated at 25-50 kGy, filled to 1000 L, held for an hour, checked for leaks, and then drained; this process was repeated 6 times on three separate bags.
  • Results: No leaks were observed in any bag after repeated filling and draining, confirming the robustness of 1000 L bags made with Ultimus® film.

Practical Implications of Superior Strength and Robustness

Testing against ASTM standards demonstrated the improved strength and robustness of Ultimus® film as compared to other commercially available single-use films. In addition, performance of Mobius® 500 L process containers with Ultimus® film in 500 L Stainless Steel Transport Bin was verified against the ISTA 3E Transport Test, further demonstrating strength and robustness.

This improved strength and robustness results in containers made with Ultimus® film having significantly improved structure and seal strength as compared to containers made from PureFlex™ film. This superior strength was demonstrated under extreme conditions with no leaks observed following irradiation and multiple fill/drain cycles involving 1000 L of liquid.

This resilient film offers opportunities for implementing single-use technology into bioprocessing operations, minimizing the risk of leaks, and maintaining reliable manufacturing operations in both small and large volume applications.

References

1.
White Paper: Single-Use Upstream Processing: Ultimus® Film Delivers Comparable Cell Growth Performance To Glass. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/134/272/ultimus-film-cell-growth-wp-an9607en-ms.pdf
2.
Technical Brief: Demonstrated Strength and Durability of Ultimus® Film (TB5661). [Internet]. Available from: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/202/993/tb5661en-ultimus-film-tech-brief-ms.pdf
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