T5944
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α from rat
TNF-α, recombinant, expressed in E. coli, powder, suitable for cell culture
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Cachectin, TNF-α
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biological source
rat
Quality Level
recombinant
expressed in E. coli
Assay
≥98% (SDS-PAGE and HPLC)
form
powder
quality
endotoxin tested
mol wt
predicted mol wt ~17 kDa
packaging
pkg of 10 μg
pkg of 50 μg
storage condition
avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
impurities
<1 EU/μgtested (LAL test)
color
white
solubility
water: soluble
UniProt accession no.
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
rat ... Tnf(24835)
Related Categories
General description
The Tnf (tumor necrosis factor) gene is mapped to rat chromosome 20p12.
Application
TNF-α influences the growth and function of both normal and neoplastic cells. TNF-α causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells being synergistic with γ-interferon in its cytotoxicity.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α from rat has been used:
- To stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the macrophages as an indication of M1 macrophage activation
- To study its effect on pancreatic β cell apoptosis
- To evaluate the effect of progesterone on the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in synovial membrane
- As a blocking antigen in the control, for immunohistochemical analysis
Biochem/physiol Actions
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also known as cachectin, plays roles in antitumor activity, immune modulation, inflammation, anorexia, cachexia, septic shock, viral replication, and hematopoiesis. TNF-α is expressed by a variety of cells, with numerous inductive and suppressive agents. It is primarily produced by macrophages in response to immunological challenges such as bacteria (lipopolysaccharides), viruses, parasites, mitogens, and other cytokines. TNF-α is cytotoxic for many transformed cells (its namesake activity) but in normal diploid cells, it can stimulate proliferation (fibroblasts), differentiation (myeloid cells) or activation (neutrophils). TNF-α also shows antiviral effects against both DNA and RNA viruses and it induces production of several other cytokines. TNF-α and the related molecule TNF-β (LT-α) share close structural homology with 28% amino acid sequence identity and both activate the same TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2.
Physical form
Lyophilized from an 0.2 μm-filtered buffered solution with bovine serum albumin as a carrier.
Analysis Note
The biological activity is measured in a cytotoxic assay using a TNF-susceptible mouse L929 cell line in the presence of actinomycin D.
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Regulatory Information
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Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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Endothelin system mRNA variation in the heart of Zucker rats: Evaluation of a possible balance with natriuretic peptides
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 24(11), 1166-1173 (2014)
Estradiol promotes M1-like macrophage activation through cadherin-11 to aggravate temporomandibular joint inflammation in rats
Journal of Immunology, 1303188-1303188 (2015)
Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces local inflammation of the rat carotid body via functional upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine pathways
Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 137(3), 303-317 (2012)
Progesterone attenuates temporomandibular joint inflammation through inhibition of NF-kappa pathway in ovariectomized rats
Scientific Reports, 7(1), 15334-15334 (2017)
Glia, 63(6), 1005-1020 (2015-02-03)
In order to further investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte (OC) survival, we utilized microarrays to characterize changes in OC gene expression after exposure to the cytokines neurotrophin3, insulin, or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in vitro. We identified and
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