Acid and Base Chart — Table of Acids & Bases
Relative Strength of Acids & Bases
Use this acids and bases chart to find the relative strength of the most common acids and bases. This acid-base chart includes the Ka value for reference along with the chemical's formula and the acid’s conjugate base. The acid and base chart is a reference table designed to make determining the strength of acids and bases simpler. This chart is ideal for use in the lab or in the classroom.
Table of Acid and Base Strength | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acid | Base | |||||
| Strength of Acid | Ka | Name | Formula | Formula | Name | Strength of Base |
| Strongest | Large | Perchloric acid | HClO4 | ClO4- | Perchlorate ion | Weakest |
| 3.2 * 109 | Hydroiodic acid | HI | I- | Iodide | ||
| 1.0 * 109 | Hydrobromic acid | HBr | Br- | Bromide | ||
| 1.3 * 106 | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | Cl- | Chloride | ||
| 1.0 * 103 | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 | HSO4- | Hydrogen sulfate ion | ||
| 2.4 * 101 | Nitric acid | HNO3 | NO3- | Nitrate ion | ||
| -------- | Hydronium ion | H3O+ | H2O | Water | ||
| 5.4 * 10-2 | Oxalic acid | HO2C2O2H | HO2C2O2- | Hydrogen oxalate ion | ||
| 1.3 * 10-2 | Sulfurous acid | H2SO3 | HSO3- | Hydrogen sulfite ion | ||
| 1.0 * 10-2 | Hydrogen sulfate ion | HSO4 - | SO4 2- | Sulfate ion | ||
| 7.1 * 10-3 | Phosphoric acid | H3PO4 | H2PO4- | Dihydrogen phosphate ion | ||
| 7.2 * 10-4 | Nitrous acid | HNO2 | NO2- | Nitrite ion | ||
| 6.6 * 10-4 | Hydrofluoric acid | HF | F- | Fluoride ion | ||
| 1.8 * 10-4 | Methanoic acid | HCO2H | HCO2- | Methanoate ion | ||
| 6.3 * 10-5 | Benzoic acid | C6H5COOH | C6H5COO- | Benzoate ion | ||
| Medium | 5.4 * 10-5 | Hydrogen oxalate ion | HO2C2O2- | O2C2O2 2- | Oxalate ion | Medium |
| 1.8 * 10-5 | Ethanoic acid | CH3COOH | CH3COO | Ethanoate (acetate) ion | ||
| 4.4 * 10-7 | Carbonic acid | H2CO3 | HCO3 - | Hydrogen carbonate ion | ||
| 1.1 * 10-7 | Hydrosulfuric acid | H2S | HSO3- | Hydrogen sulfide ion | ||
| 6.3 * 10-8 | Dihydrogen phosphate ion | H2PO4 - | HPO4 2- | Hydrogen phosphate ion | ||
| 6.2 * 10-8 | Hydrogen sulfite ion | HS- | SO32- | Sulfite ion | ||
| 2.9 * 10-8 | Hypochlorous acid | HClO | ClO- | Hypochlorite ion | ||
| 6.2 * 10-10 | Hydrocyanic acid | HCN | CN- | Cyanide ion | ||
| 5.8 * 10-10 | Ammonium ion | NH4 + | NH3 | Ammonia | ||
| 5.8 * 10-10 | Boric acid | H3BO3 | H2BO3- | Dihydrogenborate | ||
| 4.7 * 10-11 | Hydrogen carbonate ion | HCO3 - | CO3 2- | Carbonate ion | ||
| 4.2 * 10-13 | Hydrogen phosphate ion | HPO4 2- | PO4 3- | Phosphate ion | ||
| 1.8 * 10-13 | Dihydrogen borate ion | H2BO3 - | HBO3 2- | Hydrogen borate ion | ||
| 1.3 * 10-13 | Hydrogen sulfide ion | HS- | S 2- | Sulfide ion | ||
| 1.6 * 10-14 | Hydrogen borate ion | HBO3 2- | BO3 3- | Borate ion | ||
| Weakest | - | Water | H2O | OH- | Hydroxide | Strongest |
How to Use the Acid & Base Chart
Read these instructions to learn how to use this acids and bases chart. The table lists the Ka values and the strength of each acid and base.
- Strong acids are listed at the top left-hand corner of the table and have Ka values >1
- Acids with a Ka value less than one are considered weak and get weaker as we move to the bottom of the table.
- The strong bases are listed at the bottom-right of the table and get weaker as we move to the top of the table.
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
In this chart, the strongest acids are at the top left, and the weakest bases are at the top right. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a weak base; therefore, the conjugate acid of a strong base is a weak acid.
Acid-Base Pairs and Buffer Chemistry
A buffer solution contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Buffers work by reacting with a base or acid to control the pH of a solution.
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