X4500
Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk
Grade III, ammonium sulfate suspension, ≥0.8 units/mg protein
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All Photos(2)
Synonym(s):
Schardinger enzyme, XnOx, hypoxanthine oxidase, XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
CAS Number:
Enzyme Commission number:
1.17.3.2.
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352204
NACRES:
NA.54
Recommended Products
biological source
bovine milk
Quality Level
type
Grade III
form
ammonium sulfate suspension
specific activity
≥0.8 units/mg protein
storage condition
(Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons)
technique(s)
inhibition assay: suitable
color
faint brown to dark brown
UniProt accession no.
foreign activity
uricase ≤0.1%
storage temp.
2-8°C
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General description
Research area: Cell Cycle
Xanthine Oxidase (XO) belongs to the class of complex metalloflavoproteins. It is produced by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.
Xanthine Oxidase (XO) belongs to the class of complex metalloflavoproteins. It is produced by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.
Formerly E.C. 1.1.3.22
Application
Xanthine Oxidase from bovine milk has been used:
- as a source for superoxide generation
- for the degradation of hypoxanthine
- for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipid model by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trap method
- as a constituent of assay mixture in xanthine oxidase inhibition assay
Biochem/physiol Actions
Xanthine Oxidase (XO)catalyzes the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Xanthine oxidase activity is inhibited by folic acid. [7] and various other inhibitors including 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB), febuxostat and allopurinol. XO and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) plays a vital role in the last two steps in the formation of urate. Elevated levels of XO has been observed in the serum of chronic liver disease patients. Therefore, XO can be used as a biomarker for the detection of liver disease.
Xanthine oxidase activity is inhibited by folic acid.
Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-containing enzyme that is found in the cytosol, and may be strongly inhibited by flavonoids. It plays a vital role in the metabolism of some drugs, as well as purines and pyrimidines. It is also known to be a biological source of reactive oxygen species.
Unit Definition
One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.
Physical form
Suspension in 2.3 M (NH4)2SO4, 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.8, containing 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM sodium salicylate
Preparation Note
Chromatographically purified
Storage and Stability
Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons
persons
Analysis Note
Protein determined by biuret
substrate
Product No.
Description
Pricing
Signal Word
Danger
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Classifications
Resp. Sens. 1
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Regulatory Information
动植物源性产品
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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C Y Ho et al.
The Journal of nutrition, 106(11), 1600-1609 (1976-11-01)
The effects of acidic and intestinal proteolytic environments on bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO) activity were determined in order to evaluate the extent to which this enzyme was absorbed in biologically active form. The inhibition of XO by folic acid
Detection of superoxide anion radical in a stratum corneum intercellular lipid model using an electrochemical sensor
Kaneko T, et al.
Journal of Oleo Science, 60(12), 647-654 (2011)
Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase: structure-based mechanism of conversion
Enroth C, et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 97(20), 10723-10728 (2000)
Sibile Pardue et al.
Redox biology, 34, 101447-101447 (2020-02-10)
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide with increased oxidative stress and reduced NO bioavailability serving as key risk factors. For decades, elevation in protein abundance and enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) under hypoxic/inflammatory conditions
Serum xanthine oxidase in human liver disease
Battelli M, et al.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 96(4), 1194-1199 (2001)
Articles
Instructions for working with enzymes supplied as ammonium sulfate suspensions
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