X2252
Xanthine Oxidase microbial
lyophilized powder, ≥7 units/mg solid
Synonym(s):
XO, Schardingerenzyme, hypoxanthine oxidase, XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
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About This Item
CAS Number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352204
NACRES:
NA.54
EC Number:
232-657-6
MDL number:
Product Name
Xanthine Oxidase microbial, lyophilized powder, ≥7 units/mg solid
biological source
microbial
form
lyophilized powder
specific activity
≥7 units/mg solid
mol wt
~160 kDa
technique(s)
inhibition assay: suitable
color
brown
optimum pH
7.5-8.0
shipped in
wet ice
storage temp.
−20°C
Quality Level
Gene Information
Escherichia coli K12 ... xdhA(947116), xdhB(947205), xdhC(945148)
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Application
Xanthine Oxidase microbial has been used:
- to determine in vitro xanthine oxidase activity
- as a source to generate superoxide anions during superoxide dismutase assay
- as a component of the reagent mix in colorimetric paper-based device to detect allopurinol in traditional medicine by enzymatic reaction
Biochem/physiol Actions
Also contains proteolytic activity.
Xanthine Oxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and oxygen free radicals during purine metabolism. This enzyme is also implicated in caffeine metabolism. XO also plays a vital role in the catabolism of xenobiotics including various drugs such as thiopurine drugs, containing 6-mercaptopurine, allopurinol, and uric acid. Excess of XO activity causes hyperuricemia (higher levels of uric acid in the blood), which further leads to gout.
General description
Inhibitors: Reducing agents, Hg++, Ag+,MIA
Optimum pH: 7.5 - 8.0
Optimum temperature: 65oC
pH Stability: pH 6.5 - 9.0 (25oC, 15hr)
Thermal stability: below 55oC (pH 8.0, 30min)
Optimum pH: 7.5 - 8.0
Optimum temperature: 65oC
pH Stability: pH 6.5 - 9.0 (25oC, 15hr)
Thermal stability: below 55oC (pH 8.0, 30min)
Research area: Cell Cycle
Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, is one of the forms of xanthine oxidoreductases (XORs). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.
Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, is one of the forms of xanthine oxidoreductases (XORs). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.
Other Notes
One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.
Physical form
Lyophilized powder containing BSA and sodium glutamate as stabilizers
Preparation Note
Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons
persons
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Resp. Sens. 1
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
Regulatory Information
常规特殊物品
含少量动物源组分生物产品
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Michael C Hall
Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 292(1-2), 1-11 (2006-09-20)
The cytotoxicity of five oxysterols identified in cooked fish, 7-ketocholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide, cholestanetriol and 4-cholesten-3-one, was investigated in primary cultures of bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Cells were exposed to the oxysterols individually and to a mixture of the same
Pál Pacher et al.
Pharmacological reviews, 58(1), 87-114 (2006-03-02)
The prototypical xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, has been the cornerstone of the clinical management of gout and conditions associated with hyperuricemia for several decades. More recent data indicate that XO also plays an important role in various forms of
Giuseppe Faudone et al.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, 64(11), 7156-7178 (2021-05-22)
The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite being an extensively studied bioactive natural product, the mechanistic understanding of caffeine's pharmacological
P J Marro et al.
Pediatric research, 41(4 Pt 1), 513-520 (1997-04-01)
The effect of allopurinol to inhibit purine metabolism via the xanthine oxidase pathway in neonates with severe, progressive hypoxemia during rescue and reperfusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was examined. Twenty-five term infants meeting ECMO criteria were randomized in a
Adrian I Campos et al.
Molecular cell, 74(6), 1291-1303 (2019-05-03)
Alternative to the conventional search for single-target, single-compound treatments, combination therapies can open entirely new opportunities to fight antibiotic resistance. However, combinatorial complexity prohibits experimental testing of drug combinations on a large scale, and methods to rationally design combination therapies
Protocols
The appearance of uric acid is measured at 293nm by spectrophotometry.
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