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V0627

Sigma-Aldrich

Valinomycin

≥98% (TLC), ≥90% (HPLC)

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Synonym(s):
Cyclo(L-Val-D-HyIva-D-Val-L-Lac-)3: HyIva = α-Hydroxyisovaleric acid, Lac = Lactic acid
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C54H90N6O18
CAS Number:
2001-95-8
Molecular Weight:
1111.32
Beilstein:
78657
EC Number:
217-896-6
MDL number:
MFCD00005114
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24900697
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

300

Assay

≥90% (HPLC)
≥98% (TLC)

form

powder

storage condition

(Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.)

color

white

solubility

DMSO: ≥50 mg/mL
H2O: insoluble

antibiotic activity spectrum

Gram-positive bacteria
parasites
viruses

Mode of action

cell membrane | interferes

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

CC(C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](C)OC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](OC1=O)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C

InChI

1S/C54H90N6O18/c1-22(2)34-49(67)73-31(19)43(61)55-38(26(9)10)53(71)77-41(29(15)16)47(65)59-36(24(5)6)51(69)75-33(21)45(63)57-39(27(11)12)54(72)78-42(30(17)18)48(66)60-35(23(3)4)50(68)74-32(20)44(62)56-37(25(7)8)52(70)76-40(28(13)14)46(64)58-34/h22-42H,1-21H3,(H,55,61)(H,56,62)(H,57,63)(H,58,64)(H,59,65)(H,60,66)/t31-,32-,33-,34-,35+,36+,37-,38-,39-,40+,41+,42+/m0/s1

InChI key

FCFNRCROJUBPLU-RPUZOQEISA-N

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General description

Chemical structure: peptide
Valinomycin is a cyclic peptide, which contains d-valine, d-α-hydroxyvaleric acid, l-valine, and l-lactic acid in the sequential order of cyclo-[(l-Val-d-Hyv-d-Val-l-Lac)3].
Valinomycin, a nonribosomal peptide (NRP), is proposed to have a structure of a 24-membered cyclic peptide cyclo-(d-α-hydroxyisovaleryl-d-valyl-l-lactyl-l-valyl)2. It exhibits antitumor properties and plays a major role as a mitophagy activator. Initially isolated as an antibiotic compound, valinomycin has demonstrated antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, it has been identified as a potent antiviral agent against a wide spectrum of viruses, including human coronavirus, bunyavirus, enterovirus, and flavivirus.

Application

Valinomycin has been used:
  • to equilibrate intracellular pH and extracellular pH of 5 (and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cFSE) in Escherichia coli strain B23
  • as an ionophore to equilibrate intracellular pH and extracellular pH of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains
  • to establish the desired pH for acid-base transition and formation of K+-valinomycin diffusion potential

Biochem/physiol Actions

K+-selective ionophoric cyclodepsipeptide; potassium ionophore which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, induces apoptosis in murine thymocytes, inhibits NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and antagonizes ET-induced vasoconstriction.
Valinomycin selectively transfers alkali metal ions via biological and synthetic membranes. The formation of a metal ion-peptide complex contributes to this ion-transporting. Valinomycin can create stable complexes with potassium, rubidium, and cesium (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) .

Packaging

10MG,25MG,100MG,500MG

Other Notes

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H300 + H310

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 1 Dermal - Acute Tox. 1 Oral

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Regulatory Information

监管及禁止进口产品

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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The nonribosomal peptide valinomycin: From discovery to bioactivity and biosynthesis
Huang S, et al.
Microorganisms, 9, 780-780 (2021)
The effect of a fullerene water suspension on the growth, cell viability, and membrane integrity of Escherichia coli B23.
Aquino A, et al.
Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology, 14, 13-20 (2010)
Chitosan disrupts membrane permeability of lactic acid bacteria
Pan C, et al.
Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology, 15, 7-14 (2011)
Jun-Ichi Kishikawa et al.
eLife, 9 (2020-07-09)
V-ATPase is an energy converting enzyme, coupling ATP hydrolysis/synthesis in the hydrophilic V1 domain, with proton flow through the Vo membrane domain, via rotation of the central rotor complex relative to the surrounding stator apparatus. Upon dissociation from the V1
Viktor K Jirsa et al.
Brain : a journal of neurology, 137(Pt 8), 2210-2230 (2014-06-13)
Seizures can occur spontaneously and in a recurrent manner, which defines epilepsy; or they can be induced in a normal brain under a variety of conditions in most neuronal networks and species from flies to humans. Such universality raises the
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