T9698
Thioredoxin Reductase from rat liver
buffered aqueous glycerol solution, ≥100 units/mg protein (Bradford)
Synonym(s):
NADPH:Oxidised Thioredoxin Oxidoreductase, Thioredoxin: NADP+ Oxidoreductase
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About This Item
CAS Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.32
biological source
rat liver
Quality Level
Assay
≥90% (GE)
form
buffered aqueous glycerol solution
specific activity
≥100 units/mg protein (Bradford)
mol wt
55—67 kDa
technique(s)
activity assay: suitable
impurities
Glutathione reductase
solubility
water: soluble
suitability
suitable for molecular biology
UniProt accession no.
shipped in
dry ice
storage temp.
−20°C
Gene Information
rat ... Txnrd1(58819)
General description
Research area: Cell signaling
Application
Thioredoxin Reductase from rat liver can be used for studying the uptake and reduction of a-lipoic acid by utilizing reducing capacity of human erythrocytes. The product can also be used for studying the activation mechanism of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in the extracellular matrix by using Thioredoxin.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Thioredoxin Reductase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the active site disulfide of thioredoxin by NADPH. The product also reduces ubiquinone and regenerates ubiquinol, a powerful antioxidant.
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase containing one FAD per subunit that reduces the active site disulfide in oxidized thioredoxin (Trx).
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase containing one FAD per subunit that reduces the active site disulfide in oxidized thioredoxin (Trx). The molecular weight of the isozymes from mammalian sources vary between 55-67 kDa as compared with 35 kDa in prokaryotes, plants or yeast. The substrate specificity of the mammalian enzyme is much broader than the prokaryotic enzyme reducing both mammalian and E. coli thioredoxins as well as non-disulfide substrates such selenite, lipoic acids, lipid hydroperoxides, and hydrogen peroxide.
Thioredoxin reductase from mammalian sources contains a selenocysteine residue that is essential for the activity of the enzyme. It is one of the antioxidant enzymes present in the mammalian cell together with catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and helps in removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the cell. An example is the removal of excess nitric oxide (NO) by the formation of a complex with glutathione forming the S-nitroso-glutathione adduct (GS-NO). This can be cleaved directly by thioredoxin reductase. Hydrogen peroxide, another deleterious oxidant in the cell, is also reduced directly by mammalian TrxR.
Physical form
Solution in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 10% glycerol.
Other Notes
One unit will cause an increase in absorbance of 1.0 at 412 nm (when measured in a non-coupled assay containing DTNB [Sigma No. D8130] alone as substrate) per minute at pH 7.0 at 25 °C.
Storage Class Code
12 - Non Combustible Liquids
WGK
WGK 1
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Regulatory Information
低风险生物材料
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James M May et al.
Clinical biochemistry, 40(15), 1135-1142 (2007-08-04)
The reducing capacity of erythrocytes has been used clinically as to estimate resistance to oxidant stress. In this work we targeted the antioxidant capacity of pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductases of these cells by measuring their ability to reduce the disulfide
X Peng et al.
Cell death & disease, 4, e881-e881 (2013-10-26)
The low-molecular-weight compound APR-246 (PRIMA-1(MET)) restores wild-type conformation and function to mutant p53, and triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. We show here that APR-246 also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance. APR-246
Tomas Nordman et al.
BioFactors (Oxford, England), 18(1-4), 45-50 (2003-12-30)
Ubiquinol is a powerful antioxidant, which is oxidized in action and needs to be replaced or regenerated to be capable of a sustained effort. This article summarises current knowledge of extramitochondrial reduction of ubiquinone by three flavoenzymes, i.e. lipoamide dehydrogenase
Jianqiang Xu et al.
Nucleic acids research, 41(21), 9800-9811 (2013-08-29)
Selenoprotein expression in Escherichia coli redefines specific single UGA codons from translational termination to selenocysteine (Sec) insertion. This process requires the presence of a Sec Insertion Sequence (SECIS) in the mRNA, which forms a secondary structure that binds a unique
Rotem Engelman et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(16), 11312-11324 (2013-03-13)
S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), formed by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated S-nitrosylation, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a prominent reactive oxygen species, are implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Recent research has shown that the cellular action and metabolism of SNOs and H2O2 involve
Articles
Cellular oxidative stress is countered by enzymatic scavengers and antioxidant modulators against reactive oxygen species damage.
氧化应激，在一部分上，是由多种细胞过程产生的活性氧介导，并由诸如酶清除剂或抗氧化剂调节剂等细胞抗氧化剂机制所控制的。自由基，如活性氧，会通过细胞引起细胞损伤。
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