All Photos(1)
Synonym(s):
2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide, EF-5, NSC 684681
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C8H7F5N4O3
Recommended Products
Quality Level
Assay
≥98% (HPLC)
form
powder
color
white to beige
solubility
DMSO: 10 mg/mL, clear
storage temp.
2-8°C
SMILES string
O=C(NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)CN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O
InChI
1S/C8H7F5N4O3/c9-7(10,8(11,12)13)4-15-5(18)3-16-2-1-14-6(16)17(19)20/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,15,18)
InChI key
JGGDSDPOPRWSCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Biochem/physiol Actions
EF5 is a 2-nitroimidazole-based hypoxia marker corresponding to a pentafluorinated derivative of the hypoxic cell-radiation sensitizer etanidazole. Under low oxygen (hypoxic) condition, reductive activation of its 2-nitroimidazole moiety leads to enhanced EF5 adduct formation with protein thiols and reduced glutathione. The pentafluorination derivatization substantially decreases the proportion of low molecular weight hydrolytic fragmentation of the adducts, making EF5 superior to etanidazole when utilized as a hypoxia marker by immunohistological staining.
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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E M Lord et al.
Cancer research, 53(23), 5721-5726 (1993-12-01)
Hypoxic cells in tissue pose many medical problems, and there is a need for more accurate measurements of tissue hypoxia. However, measurement of the pO2 and the extent of hypoxia within normal and tumor tissue have proven difficult. One of
Sung Hoon Cho et al.
Nature, 537(7619), 234-238 (2016-08-09)
Germinal centres (GCs) promote humoral immunity and vaccine efficacy. In GCs, antigen-activated B cells proliferate, express high-affinity antibodies, promote antibody class switching, and yield B cell memory. Whereas the cytokine milieu has long been known to regulate effector functions that
S M Evans et al.
British journal of cancer, 72(4), 875-882 (1995-10-01)
One of the most sensitive hypoxia detection methods is based on the observation that binding of nitroimidazoles to cellular macromolecules occurs as a result of hypoxia-dependent bioreduction by cellular nitroreductases. Nitroimidazole-binding techniques provide measurements of hypoxia to virtually any degree
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