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SAB4200105

Sigma-Aldrich

Anti-PKM2 (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit

~1.5 mg/mL, affinity isolated antibody

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Synonym(s):
Anti-CTHBP, Anti-OIP3 (OPA-interacting protein 3), Anti-PK3, Anti-PKM, Anti-Pyruvate Kinase, MUSCLE (isoform M1), Anti-TCB, Anti-THBP1 (thyroid hormone-binding protein, cytosolic)
UNSPSC Code:
12352203
NACRES:
NA.44

biological source

rabbit

conjugate

unconjugated

antibody form

affinity isolated antibody

antibody product type

primary antibodies

clone

polyclonal

form

buffered aqueous glycerol solution

mol wt

~60 kDa

species reactivity

rat, human, mouse

concentration

~1.5 mg/mL

technique(s)

immunoprecipitation (IP): 2-4 μg using A549 cell lysates
indirect immunofluorescence: 2-4 μg using HeLa cells
western blot: 1-2 μg/mL using L8 and C2C12 cell lysates

shipped in

dry ice

storage temp.

−20°C

target post-translational modification

unmodified

Gene Information

human ... PKM2(5315)
mouse ... Pkm2(18746)
rat ... Pkm(25630)

General description

Pyruvate Kinase (PK) is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis and has four known isoforms, namely, L, R, M1 and M2. PK isoform M1 is expressed during the development of the embryo and is the dominant isoform in cardiac, brain and skeletal muscle tissues. The M2 isoform has been linked to cancer metastasis

Specificity

Anti-PKM2 (C-terminal) antibody is specific for human, rat, and mouse PKM2. In immunoblotting, detection of the PKM2 band is specifically inhibited by the PKM2 immunizing peptide.

Application

Anti-PKM2 (C-terminal) antibody is suitable for use in immunoprecipitation (2-4 μg using A549 cell lysates) and western blot (approx. 60 kDa, 1-2 μg/mL using L8 and C2C12 cell lysates). The antibody may also be used for indirect immunofluorescence (2-4 μg using HeLa cells).
Anti-PKM2 (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Phosphorylation of the M2 isoform at Tyr105 inhibits its activity and is common in human cancers, suggesting Tyr105 is a critical metabolic switch in cancer cells that promotes tumorigenesis. Tumor cells have been reported to exclusively overexpress the embryonic M2 isoform. The tumor metabolome is characterized by a high glycolytic turnover rate and tumor cells are able to proliferate under conditions of aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Knockdown of the M2 isoform in human cancer cell lines and its replacement by the M1 isoform has been shown to lead to reversal of the Warburg effect and reduced ability to form tumors in mouse xenografts.

Physical form

Solution in 0.01 M phos­phate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Regulatory Information

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Mushroom body glycolysis is required for olfactory memory in Drosophila
Wu CL, et al.
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 150, 13-19 (2018)
The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth
Christofk HR, et al.
Nature, 452, 230-230 (2008)
Nevraj S Kejiou et al.
Nucleic acids research, 51(12), 6461-6478 (2023-05-24)
In light of the numerous studies identifying post-transcriptional regulators on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we asked whether there are factors that regulate compartment specific mRNA translation in human cells. Using a proteomic survey of spatially regulated polysome
Tyrosine phosphorylation inhibits PKM2 to promote the Warburg effect and tumor growth
Hitosugi T, et al.
Science Signaling, 2(97), ra73-ra73 (2009)
Sybille Mazurek et al.
Seminars in cancer biology, 15(4), 300-308 (2005-05-24)
Proliferating cells and tumor cells in particular express the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (M2-PK). Within the tumor metabolome M2-PK regulates the proportions of glucose carbons that are channelled to synthetic processes (inactive dimeric form) or used for glycolytic energy
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Articles

Aerobic Glycolysis and the Warburg Effect

Warburg effect enhances glucose to lactate conversion in tumor cells, regardless of oxygen levels; impacting cancer metabolism since 1924.

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