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P2141

Sigma-Aldrich

Phalloidin from Amanita phalloides

≥90%

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Synonym(s):
28-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-18-hydroxy-34-(1-hydroxyethyl)-23,31-dimethyl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptone
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C35H48N8O11S
CAS Number:
17466-45-4
Molecular Weight:
788.87
Beilstein:
4347460
EC Number:
241-484-5
MDL number:
MFCD03427567
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
24898277
NACRES:
NA.32

biological source

Amanita phalloides

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥90%

form

powder

SMILES string

CC(O)C1NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)(O)CO)NC(=O)C2Cc3c(SCC(NC1=O)C(=O)N4CC(O)CC4C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)N2)[nH]c5ccccc35

InChI

1S/C35H48N8O11S/c1-15-27(47)38-22-10-20-19-7-5-6-8-21(19)41-33(20)55-13-24(34(53)43-12-18(46)9-25(43)31(51)37-15)40-32(52)26(17(3)45)42-28(48)16(2)36-30(50)23(39-29(22)49)11-35(4,54)14-44/h5-8,15-18,22-26,41,44-46,54H,9-14H2,1-4H3,(H,36,50)(H,37,51)(H,38,47)(H,39,49)(H,40,52)(H,42,48)

InChI key

KPKZJLCSROULON-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Phalloidin is a phallotoxin produced by death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. It is a cyclic peptide, which interacts with actin, and this was first identified in phalloidin-poisoned rats. It is a heptapeptide, cyclic in nature, with a crosslink between tryptophan at position 6 and cysteine at position 3. The side chain of amino acid 7 (γ-δ-dihydroxyleucine) in phalloidin, is accessible to modifications, through which fluorescently labeled phalloidin compounds can be produced.

Application

Phalloidin has been used:
  • As a supplement in PEM buffer and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
  • As a drug.
  • In immunohistochemistry to stain F-actin.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Phalloidin interacts with polymeric actin, and not oligomeric or monomeric forms. This interaction leads to highly stabilized actin filaments, which resist depolymerization and disassembly. In rats, this toxin causes death due to liver hemorrhage and cells show abnormal actin clustering. The affinity of phalloidin to actin is not significantly altered after derivatizing fluorescently labelled phalloidin compounds. These compounds can be used to study actin structure and organization within eukaryotic cells.
Toxin that binds polymeric F actin, stabilizing it and interfering with the function of actin-rich structures.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H300 + H310 + H330

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 2 Oral

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Regulatory Information

高风险级别生物产品--毒素类产品

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(26), 10364-10369 (2012-06-13)
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Fluorescent phallotoxin, a tool for the visualization of cellular actin.
Wulf E
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 76(9), 4498-4502 (1979)
Marjolein B M Meddens et al.
Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, 19(1), 180-189 (2013-01-26)
Podosomes are cellular adhesion structures involved in matrix degradation and invasion that comprise an actin core and a ring of cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. They are most often identified by staining with phalloidin, which binds F-actin and therefore visualizes the core.
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