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G1639

Sigma-Aldrich

D-(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride

suitable for cell culture, BioReagent

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Synonym(s):
2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose hydrochloride, D-Chondrosamine hydrochloride
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C6H13NO5 · HCl
CAS Number:
1772-03-8
Molecular Weight:
215.63
Beilstein:
3697825
EC Number:
217-198-1
MDL number:
MFCD00135830
UNSPSC Code:
12352209
PubChem Substance ID:
24895072
NACRES:
NA.75

biological source

fish cartilage (shark)

Quality Level

200

product line

BioReagent

Assay

≥99%

technique(s)

cell culture | mammalian: suitable

impurities

Glucosamine, essentially free

solubility

water: 50 mg/mL, clear to very slightly hazy, colorless to very faintly yellow

shipped in

ambient

storage temp.

room temp

SMILES string

Cl.N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

InChI

1S/C6H13NO5.ClH/c7-3(1-8)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-9;/h1,3-6,9-12H,2,7H2;1H/t3-,4+,5+,6-;/m0./s1

InChI key

CBOJBBMQJBVCMW-NQZVPSPJSA-N

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Application

D-(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride has been used to:
  • induce livery injury
  • inflammatory liver injury
  • acute liver failure (ALF) in mice

Biochem/physiol Actions

Galactosamine (D-GalN) is synthesized from galactose and is potential hepatotoxic agent. D-GalN in combination with lipopolysaccharide leads to the development of lethal liver injury and hepatic failure. It sensitizes cells to the toxic effects of the cytokine in particular the tumor necrosis factor(TNF).

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Protects Against Severe Liver Injury
Hata T, et al.
The Journal of Surgical Research, 236, 172-183 (2019)
Yao Wang et al.
Journal of inflammation research, 14, 1473-1485 (2021-04-23)
The glycolysis pathway of M1 macrophages is a key factor affecting the inflammatory response. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in the M1 macrophage glycolysis pathway during acute liver failure (ALF).
Marina S Drutskaya et al.
Journal of leukocyte biology, 107(6), 933-939 (2020-02-11)
Systemic TNF neutralization can be used as a therapy for several autoimmune diseases. To evaluate the effects of cell type-restricted TNF blockade, we previously generated bispecific antibodies that can limit TNF secretion by myeloid cells (myeloid cell-specific TNF inhibitors or
D-galactosamine lethality model: scope and limitations
Silverstein R
Journal of endotoxin research, 10(3), 147-162 (2004)
Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu
Huber Y, et al.
Cell Death & Disease, 8(6), e2893-e2893 (2017)
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