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Merck
CN

F6625

Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt hydrate

≥95% (HPLC), powder

Synonym(s):

FAD, FAD-Na2, Riboflavin 5′-adenosine diphosphate disodium salt, FAD-Na2

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C27H31N9Na2O15P2 · xH2O
CAS Number:
84366-81-4
Molecular Weight:
829.51 (anhydrous basis)
Beilstein:
5326842
MDL number:
MFCD08277021
UNSPSC Code:
41106305
PubChem Substance ID:
24894909
NACRES:
NA.51

Key Documents

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biological source

microbial

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥95% (HPLC)

form

powder

mol wt

829.51 g/mol

color

yellow to orange-brown

solubility

H2O: soluble-50 mg/mL, clear, slightly orang to deep orange

λmax

375-377 nm
448-450 nm

fluorescence

(EmM Anhydrous 10.5 - 11.8 pH 7.0, Lambda Max 448 to 450 nm
EmM Anhydrous 8.5 - 9.5 pH 7.0, Lambda Max 375 to 377 nm)

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

[Na+].[Na+].[H]O[H].Cc1cc2N=C3C(=O)NC(=O)N=C3N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]4O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)n5cnc6c(N)ncnc56)c2cc1C

InChI

1S/C27H33N9O15P2.2Na.H2O/c1-10-3-12-13(4-11(10)2)35(24-18(32-12)25(42)34-27(43)33-24)5-14(37)19(39)15(38)6-48-52(44,45)51-53(46,47)49-7-16-20(40)21(41)26(50-16)36-9-31-17-22(28)29-8-30-23(17)36;;;/h3-4,8-9,14-16,19-21,26,37-41H,5-7H2,1-2H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H2,28,29,30)(H,34,42,43);;;1H2/q;2*+1;/p-2/t14-,15+,16+,19-,20+,21+,26+;;;/m0.../s1

InChI key

GXTPHHZYFMAGLX-UJXBNFGUSA-L

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General description

Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt hydrate (FAD-Na2) is an adenine-containing enzymatic redox cofactor. Also known as flavin cofactors, FAD is critical electron transporter in living systems. They catalyze several 1-2 electron redox reactions. e.g., β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the presence of FAD as a cofactor. FAD is one of the two active coenzymes of vitamin B12(riboflavin). FAD displays a significantly shorter excited state lifetime in aqueous solutions than its analog, flavin mononucleotide.

Application

FAD is used to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mammalian cells. The fluorescence mechanism of FAD is used to study energy-dependent intramitochondrial redox potential. FAD is used as a predominant fluorophore to study unstained eosinophils, which exhibit autofluorescence compared to other leucocytes.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is used as a redox cofactor (electron carrier) by flavoproteins including succinate dehydrogenase (complex), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, apoptosis-inducing factor 2 (AIF-M2, AMID), folate/FAD-dependent tRNA methyltransferases, and N-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenases. FAD is a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000512147
0000512145
0000512141
0000512143
0000512141

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J Rösner et al.
Journal of microscopy, 264(2), 215-223 (2016-07-02)
Dynamic alterations in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence permit insight into energy metabolism-dependent changes of intramitochondrial redox potential. Monitoring FAD fluorescence in living tissue is impeded by photobleaching, restricting the length of microfluorimetric recordings. In addition, photodecomposition of these essential
A N Mayeno et al.
Journal of leukocyte biology, 51(2), 172-175 (1992-02-01)
Unstained human eosinophils exhibit marked autofluorescence in comparison to other leukocytes due to a granule-associated fluorescent substance. Fluorescence spectroscopy of granule extracts reveals excitation maxima at approximately 380 and approximately 450 nm with a single emission at approximately 520, characteristic
Martina Kieninger et al.
Biomolecules, 10(4) (2020-04-15)
Flavin cofactors, like flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are important electron shuttles in living systems. They catalyze a wide range of one- or two-electron redox reactions. Experimental investigations include UV-vis as well as infrared spectroscopy. FAD in aqueous solution exhibits a
Ruofan Cao et al.
Journal of biomedical optics, 25(1), 1-16 (2020-01-11)
Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is widely used to capture autofluorescence signals from cellular components to investigate dynamic physiological changes in live cells and tissues. Among these intrinsic fluorophores, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-essential
João L Lagarto et al.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 19(12) (2019-06-16)
Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays are increasingly exploited and have demonstrated potential in biochemical and biomedical research, both for imaging and single-point spectroscopy applications. In this study, we explore the application of SPADs together with fiber-optic-based delivery and collection
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