All Photos(1)
Synonym(s):
4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, Methoxatin, PQQ
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C14H6N2O8
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
330.21
Beilstein:
3596812
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352106
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.79
Recommended Products
biological source
synthetic
Quality Level
Assay
≥95.0% (HPLC)
form
powder
technique(s)
HPLC: suitable
color
red to deep red
storage temp.
2-8°C
SMILES string
OC(=O)c1cc(C(O)=O)c-2c(n1)C(=O)C(=O)c3cc([nH]c-23)C(O)=O
InChI
1S/C14H6N2O8/c17-10-4-2-6(14(23)24)15-8(4)7-3(12(19)20)1-5(13(21)22)16-9(7)11(10)18/h1-2,15H,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
InChI key
MMXZSJMASHPLLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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General description
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ), also referred as methoxatin, is a water soluble orthoquinone molecule with redox-cycling ability.
Novel o-quinone coenzyme found in bacterial dehydrogenases and oxidases.
Application
Pyrroloquinoline quinone has been used:
- as a component of nanocurcumin formulation (NCF), to study its therapeutic effect on ameliorate hypoxia-induced stress in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes
- as a standard in fluorescence analysis
- to test its efficiency in suppressing restrained oxidative stress and hepatic fibrogenesis in mouse models
Biochem/physiol Actions
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) plays a vital role in gluconic acid production and biosynthesis by microbes. It acts as an effective microbial growth stimulant and biological control determinant for plant pathogens. PQQ also acts as an anti-melanogenic agent and is used to treat disorders related to hyper pigmentation. It exhibits diverse role in metabolism and cell signaling pathways. PQQ is used as a potential therapeutic to treat liver fibrosis.
PQQ is present in nanomolar quantities in most foods and in most animal tissuse. It promotes growth, mitochondrial function, and development in vivo and stimulates cell proliferation and viability in culture. It is a potent antioxidant that scavenges superoxide and peroxinitrite. It is neuroprotectant against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced and hypoxia/ischemia-induced neurotoxicity. PQQ conjugates to α-synuclein in vitro, inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils.
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
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The life history of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ): a versatile molecule with novel impacts on living systems
Naveed M, et al.
Molecular Biology, 1(10), 29-46 (2016)
Crystal structure of PqqB from Pseudomonas putida at 2.2
Metlitzky M, et al.
Journal of biophysical chemistry, 3(02), 206-206 (2012)
A Oubrie et al.
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 9(7), 1265-1273 (2000-08-10)
On the basis of crystal structures of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) dependent enzymes methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) and soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH), different catalytic mechanisms have been proposed. However, several lines of biochemical and kinetic evidence are strikingly similar for both
C Anthony
Antioxidants & redox signaling, 3(5), 757-774 (2002-01-05)
This review summarises the characteristics, identification, and measurement of pyrroloquinoline quinone, the prosthetic group of bacterial quinoprotein dehydrogenases whose structures, mechanisms, and electron transport functions are described in detail. Type I alcohol dehydrogenase includes the "classic" methanol dehydrogenase; its x-ray
E A Decker
Nutrition reviews, 53(3), 49-58 (1995-03-01)
Oxidative reactions have been implicated in the development of numerous diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer. Oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids can result in loss of membrane integrity and function, inactivation of enzymes, modification of lipoproteins, and chemical alteration
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