Anti-Human CD28 (28.2) ColorWheel^® Dye-Ready mAb

ColorWheel^® technology is a novel and proprietary method of creating your own antibody and dye combinations for use in flow cytometry. By incubating any ColorWheel^® antibody with any ColorWheel^® dye, researchers can quickly and simply produce primary conjugated antibodies for use in single color or multicolor flow cytometry analysis. Each ColorWheel^® antibody and dye is lyophilized for long-term storage, allowing for simplicity and flexibility without compromise. ColorWheel^® technology requires both ColorWheel^® antibody and ColorWheel^® dye for Flow Cytometry application.

We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.This product is Preservative-free, lyophilized product for enhanced stability and allow for ambient shipping and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.

Clone 28.2 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28.

CD28 transfected cells.

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Flow Cytometry in Human Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Flow Cytometry Analysis: Staining of one million Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed using 5 μL of a 1:1 mixture of Cat. No. CWA-1070, Anti-Human CD28 Antibody (28.2) ColorWheel^® Dye-Ready mAb and Cat. No. CWD-PE ColorWheel^® Antibody-Ready Phycoerythrin (PE) Dye or an equivalent amount of PE-conjugated Mouse IgG1 isotype control.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user

T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (UniProt: P10747; also known as TP44, CD28) is encoded by the CD28 gene (Gene ID: 940) in human. CD28 is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-18), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form that contains an extracellular domain (aa 19-152), a transmembrane domain (aa 152-179), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 180-220). It is mainly expressed on T lineage cells, including thymocytes, but may also be found on plasmablasts. It is reported to be constitutively expressed on both resting and activated T cells, on almost all CD4+ and on at least half of CD8+ T cells in humans. It is involved in T cell activation, proliferation, survival, and cytokine production. It acts as a major costimulatory receptor in promoting full activation of naive T cell and reduces the threshold of TCR triggering required for T cell activation. CD28 signaling transduces a positive signal that promotes proliferation of TCR-stimulated T cells. It is shown to cause the initial activation of naïve CD4 T cells by increasing the sensitivity of T cells to antigen receptor engagement. It also enhances the production of IL-4 and IL-10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L co-stimulation. Upon activation of mature T cells, either by mitogens or by cross-linking of the TCR, the expression of CD28 is shown to increase. Ligation of CD3 and CD28 (CD3/28 co-stimulation) is shown to promote increase in glucose metabolism, increased cytokine/chemokine expression, elevate IL-2 production, and induce resistance to apoptosis. (Ref.: Xia, F., et al. (2018). Front. Immunol. 9; 2864; Riley, JL., and June, CH. (2005). Blood. 105(1); 13-21).

Lyophilized from PBS containing D-Mannitol and Sucrose, normal appearance is a dried pellet. Reconstituted antibody solution is stable and functional as assessed by functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide.

1.0 mg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL in PBS. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C. Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial. Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL PBS. Protect from light.

ColorWheel is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.