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C8052

Sigma-Aldrich

Cholera Toxin

from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, A-B type toxin

Synonym(s):

CTX, Cholera enterotoxin, Choleragen

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About This Item

CAS Number:
9012-63-9
MDL number:
MFCD00130776
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77

Product Name

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder

Quality Level

300

Assay

≥90% (SDS-PAGE)

form

lyophilized powder

composition

Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA

solubility

H2O: 10 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

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General description

Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.

Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.

Application

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface.

Features and Benefits

This compound is a featured product for Cyclic Nucleotide research. Click here to discover more featured Cyclic Nucleotide products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.

Packaging

Package size based on protein content.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA

Reconstitution

When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN3, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H300 + H310,H332,H412

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Aquatic Chronic 3

Storage Class Code

6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

WGK

WGK 3

Regulatory Information

高风险级别生物产品--毒素类产品

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000419982
0000419982
0000398603
0000398604
0000342934

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  1. Which document(s) contains shelf-life or expiration date information for a given product?

    If available for a given product, the recommended re-test date or the expiration date can be found on the Certificate of Analysis.

  2. How do I get lot-specific information or a Certificate of Analysis?

    The lot specific COA document can be found by entering the lot number above under the "Documents" section.

  3. What is the molecular weight Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?

    Although the molecular weight is not part of our specifications for this product, it has been reported to be 84 kDa in Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 492, 303 (1977).

  4. Is Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, sterile?

    It is not necessarily sterile, but the solution can be filter sterilized using a 0.2 micron pore size filter.

  5. What is the solubility and solution stability of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?

    Cholera toxin is soluble in water at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Solutions are reported to be stable for 1 year when stored at 2-8 °C, and will lose biological activity after prolonged exposure to pH below 6 or above 8, according to Mekalanos, J.J., et al., Meth. Enzymology, 165, 169-175 (1988).

  6. How is the activity of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, expressed?

    The activity is expressed in terms of units/mg of protein and not as units/mL.

  7. Is Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin, cell culture tested?

    This product is not cell culture tested.

  8. What is the shelf life of Product C8052, Cholera enterotoxin?

    Each lot of C8052 is given a retest date of three years from the QC acceptance date.

  9. How do I find price and availability?

    There are several ways to find pricing and availability for our products. Once you log onto our website, you will find the price and availability displayed on the product detail page. You can contact any of our Customer Sales and Service offices to receive a quote.  USA customers:  1-800-325-3010 or view local office numbers.

  10. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product. 

  11. My question is not addressed here, how can I contact Technical Service for assistance?

    Ask a Scientist here.

Structure, biological functions and applications of the AB5 toxins
Beddoe T, et al.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 35, 411-418 (2010)
Enhanced degradation of stimulatory G-protein (Gsalpha) by cholera toxin is mediated by ADP-ribosylation of Gsalpha protein but not by increased cyclic AMP levels
Shah BH
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 93-97 (1997)
Nobuhiko Kayagaki et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6151), 1246-1249 (2013-07-28)
Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri are sensed in an ill-defined manner by an intracellular inflammasome complex that activates caspase-11. We show that macrophages loaded with synthetic lipid A, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells.
Boimel PJ et al.
Breast Cancer Research, 14, R23-R23 (2012)
Ligand-dependent corepressor contributes to transcriptional repression by C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor ZBRK1 through association with KRAB-associated protein-1.
Calderon MR et al.
Nucleic Acids Research, 42, 7012-7012 (2014)
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