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A5251

Sigma-Aldrich

3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide

≥85%

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Synonym(s):
3 -Acetyl NAD, APADH, APAD
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C22H28N6O14P2
CAS Number:
86-08-8
Molecular Weight:
662.44
MDL number:
MFCD00078882
UNSPSC Code:
41106305
PubChem Substance ID:
24890959
NACRES:
NA.51

biological source

Porcine brain

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥85%

form

powder

solubility

water: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

CC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]2O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]3O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]3O)n4cnc5c(N)ncnc45)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O

InChI

1S/C22H28N6O14P2/c1-10(29)11-3-2-4-27(5-11)21-17(32)15(30)12(40-21)6-38-43(34,35)42-44(36,37)39-7-13-16(31)18(33)22(41-13)28-9-26-14-19(23)24-8-25-20(14)28/h2-5,8-9,12-13,15-18,21-22,30-33H,6-7H2,1H3,(H3-,23,24,25,34,35,36,37)/t12-,13-,15-,16-,17-,18-,21-,22-/m1/s1

InChI key

KPVQNXLUPNWQHM-RBEMOOQDSA-N

Related Categories

General description

3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide is a crystalline solid. 3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide is a prominent electron transporter in various enzymatic activities in which it is alternately oxidized. APAD has a more significant oxidation potential than NAD. NAD analogues, APAD, were electrochemically more effectively reduced than genuine NAD, and the stability of their reduced products was also significantly higher than NADH. In transhydrogenation processes with NADH or NADPH, APAD also operates as a proton acceptor.

Application

Many molecules use 3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide as a signaling molecule, cofactor, or substrate. Various dehydrogenase processes use APAD instead of NAD as a hydrogen-accepting cofactor. The oxidative phosphorylation can be studied with ADAP. ADAP can also be used as a suitable substrate.

Biochem/physiol Actions

APAD is an NAD analog with higher oxidation potential than NAD. It can substitute for NAD as a hydrogen-accepting cofactor in many dehydrogenase reactions; e.g. lactate dehydrogenase from Toxoplasma, Clonorchis, and Plasmodium, bacterial lipoamide dehydrogenase, as well as mammalian dehydrogenases. It can also act as a proton acceptor in various transhydrogenation reactions with NADH or NADPH.

Linkage

Analog of NAD

Pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H315,H319,H335

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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W A Prütz et al.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 380(1), 181-191 (2000-07-20)
Degradation of the reduced pyridine nucleotides NMNH and NADH by HOCl involves two distinct stages: a fast reaction, k = 4.2 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), leads to generation of stable pyridine products (Py/Cl) with a strong absorption band at 275
Todd W Roy et al.
Nucleic acids research, 35(21), e147-e147 (2007-11-16)
The Escherichia coli AlkB protein catalyzes the direct reversal of alkylation damage to DNA; primarily 1-methyladenine (1mA) and 3-methylcytosine (3mC) lesions created by endogenous or environmental alkylating agents. AlkB is a member of the non-heme iron (II) alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily
C O Hewitt et al.
Protein engineering, 10(1), 39-44 (1997-01-01)
This paper describes the testing of a homology model of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH) by protein engineering. The model had been validated in structural terms. It suggests explanations of the unusual properties of pfLDH (compared with all other LDHs).
M Yamaguchi et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1318(1-2), 225-234 (1997-01-16)
The hydrophilic, extramembranous domains I (alpha 1 subunit) and III of the Rhodospirillum rubrum nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified therefrom as soluble proteins. These domains bind NAD(H) and NADP(H). respectively, and together they form the
P D Bragg et al.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 363(1), 182-190 (1999-03-02)
The pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase carries out transmembrane proton translocation coupled to transfer of a hydride ion equivalent between NAD+ and NADP+. Previous workers (E. Holmberg et al. Biochemistry 33, 7691-7700, 1994; N. A. Glavas et al. Biochemistry 34, 7694-7702, 1995)
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