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Sigma-Aldrich

Safranin O

for microscopy (Bact., Bot., Hist.), indicator (pH 0.3-1.0)

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Synonym(s):
Basic Red 2, Cotton Red, Gossypimine, Safranin T, Safranin Y or A
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C20H19ClN4
CAS Number:
477-73-6
Molecular Weight:
350.84
Colour Index Number:
50240
Beilstein:
3924099
EC Number:
207-518-8
MDL number:
MFCD00011759
UNSPSC Code:
12171500
PubChem Substance ID:
329769290
NACRES:
NA.47

grade

for microscopy (Bact., Bot., Hist.)
indicator (pH 0.3-1.0)

Quality Level

200

form

powder or crystals

technique(s)

titration: suitable

pH

10 (20 °C, 10 g/L)

solubility

methanol: 0.01 g/10 mL, red

εmax

≥1000 at 525-535 nm in 50% ethanol

application(s)

diagnostic assay manufacturing
hematology
histology
microbiology

storage temp.

room temp

SMILES string

[Cl-].Cc1cc2nc3cc(C)c(N)cc3[n+](-c4ccccc4)c2cc1N

InChI

1S/C20H18N4.ClH/c1-12-8-17-19(10-15(12)21)24(14-6-4-3-5-7-14)20-11-16(22)13(2)9-18(20)23-17;/h3-11H,1-2H3,(H3,21,22);1H

InChI key

OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Safranin O, also known as Basic Red 2, is a basic, cationic, and metachromatic azine dye used as a biological stain. The characteristic azine chromophore contains the phenazine, a planar, tricyclic dibenzopyrazine, which consists of two non-planar benzene rings linked by two nitrogen atoms. A delocalized positive charge, an alternation of aromatic and quinonoid structures, and diazotizable amine groups constitute the chromophoric system. c-Methylation makes this dye of moderate overall size. The trimethyl cationic form of safranine is lipophilic, whereas the dimethyl forms are weakly hydrophilic. The dye is commercially available as a chloride.

Application

  • Safranin O is widely employed as a microbiological stain, especially as a counterstain in Gram staining to distinguish Gram-positive from Gram-negative micro-organisms, and for staining bacterial spores.
  • It is used to demonstrate glycosaminoglycans in human and animal histological specimens and nuclei.
  • It is a component of Benda′s polychrome stain.
  • It is a component of various polychromes and lignin stains for botanical staining applications.
  • It has also been applied for the demonstration of mast cells in cytospin preparations and staining surgical frozen sections.

Pictograms

Corrosion
GHS05

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H318

Precautionary Statements

P280 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications

Eye Dam. 1

WGK

WGK 3

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Conn's Biological Stains
Kiernan & Horobin
Conn?s Biological Stains (2002)
Tomoko Yamaguchi et al.
Stem cells and development, 22(5), 726-734 (2012-10-11)
Mast cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. They are generally classified into 2 phenotypically distinct populations: connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) and mucosal-type mast cells (MMCs). The number of mast cells that can be obtained from
Nina Orfali et al.
Molecular oncology, 14(6), 1297-1309 (2019-12-11)
Ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2L6 (UBE2L6) is a critical enzyme in ISGylation, a post-translational protein modification that conjugates the ubiquitin-like modifier, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), to target substrates. Previous gene expression studies in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells showed that all-trans-retinoic acid
Tian Gan et al.
Talanta, 85(1), 310-316 (2011-06-08)
A disposable electrochemical sensor for the determination of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) based on nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and poly(safranine T) (PST) was reported. The sensor was prepared by coating a rGO film on a pre-anodized graphite electrode (AGE)
Christian Epple et al.
Biomaterials, 192, 118-127 (2018-11-19)
Large and complex bone defects represent challenging clinical scenarios, typically requiring autologous vascularized bone transplants. In order to bypass the numerous associated limitations, here we aimed at ectopically prefabricating a bone graft surrogate with vascular pedicle. A hollow cylinder of
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