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Hydrochloric acid puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., fuming, ≥37%, APHA: ≤10

Sigma-Aldrich

30721

Hydrochloric acid

Sigma-Aldrich

07102

Hydrochloric acid

Sigma-Aldrich

320331

Hydrochloric acid

Sigma-Aldrich

258148

Hydrochloric acid

puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., fuming, ≥37%, APHA: ≤10

meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, fuming, 36.5-38%

ACS reagent, 37%

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Description

CAS Number

7647-01-0

Molecular Formula

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation)

: HCl

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation)

: HCl

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation)

: HCl

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation)

: HCl

Molecular Weight

: 36.46

Molecular Weight

: 36.46

Molecular Weight

: 36.46

Molecular Weight

: 36.46

MDL Number

MFCD00011324

Quality Designations

200

Properties

Agency:

USP/NF
reag. ISO
reag. Ph. Eur.

Agency:

suitable for GB 5009.253-2016
suitable for SM 5210

Agency:

suitable for GB 5009.253-2016
suitable for SM 5210

anion traces:

bromide (Br^-): ≤50 mg/kg
phosphate (PO₄^3-): ≤0.5 mg/kg
sulfate (SO₄^2-): ≤1 mg/kg
sulfite (SO₃^2-): ≤1 mg/kg

anion traces:

bromide (Br^-): in accordance
iodide (I^-): in accordance
sulfate (SO₄^2-): ≤2 mg/kg
sulfite (SO₃^2-): ≤5 mg/kg

anion traces:

bromide (Br^-): ≤0.005%
sulfate (SO₄^2-): ≤1 ppm
sulfite (SO₃^2-): ≤1 ppm

anion traces:

bromide (Br^-): ≤0.005%
sulfate (SO₄^2-): ≤1 ppm
sulfite (SO₃^2-): ≤1 ppm

Assay:

≥37%

Assay:

36.5-38%

Assay:

36.5-38.0% (ACS specification)
37%

Assay:

36.5-38.0% (ACS specification)
37%

bp:

>100 °C (lit.)

bp:

>100 °C (lit.)

bp:

>100 °C (lit.)

bp:

>100 °C (lit.)

cation traces:

Al: ≤0.05 mg/kg
As: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Ba: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Be: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Bi: ≤0.1 mg/kg
Ca: ≤0.5 mg/kg
Cd: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Co: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Cr: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Cu: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Fe: ≤0.2 mg/kg
Ge: ≤0.05 mg/kg
K: ≤0.1 mg/kg
Li: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Mg: ≤0.1 mg/kg
Mn: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Mo: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Na: ≤0.5 mg/kg
Ni: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Pb: ≤0.02 mg/kg
Sr: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Ti: ≤0.1 mg/kg
Tl: ≤0.05 mg/kg
V: ≤0.01 mg/kg
Zn: ≤0.05 mg/kg
Zr: ≤0.1 mg/kg
heavy metals: ≤1 ppm (by ICP-OES)

cation traces:

As: ≤0.5 mg/kg
Fe: ≤1 mg/kg

cation traces:

As: ≤0.01 ppm
Fe: ≤0.2 ppm
NH₄⁺: ≤3 ppm
heavy metals: ≤1 ppm (by ICP)

cation traces:

As: ≤0.01 ppm
Fe: ≤0.2 ppm
NH₄⁺: ≤3 ppm
heavy metals: ≤1 ppm (by ICP)

color:

APHA: ≤10

color:

colorless

color:

APHA: ≤10, free from suspended matter or sediment

color:

APHA: ≤10, free from suspended matter or sediment

density:

1.18 g/L at 20 °C

density:

1.18 g/L at 20 °C

density:

1.18 g/L at 20 °C

density:

1.18 g/L at 20 °C

impurities:

≤0.00005% free chlorine (Cl)
≤0.0001% ammonium (NH₄)
≤0.005% non-volatile matter

impurities:

free bromine or chlorine, complies
residual solvents, complies
≤0.0001% free chlorine (Cl)
≤0.005% non-volatile matter

impurities:

≤1 ppm free chlorine

impurities:

≤1 ppm free chlorine

InChI:

1S/ClH/h1H

InChI:

1S/ClH/h1H

InChI:

1S/ClH/h1H

InChI:

1S/ClH/h1H

InChI key:

VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI key:

VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI key:

VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI key:

VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

pH:

form:

liquid

form:

liquid

form:

liquid

form:

liquid

grade:

ACS reagent
puriss. p.a.

grade:

ACS reagent

grade:

ACS reagent

quality:

meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF

quality:

ign. residue:

≤0.0005% (as SO₄)

ign. residue:

≤0.002% (as SO₄)

ign. residue:

≤5 ppm

ign. residue:

≤5 ppm

SMILES string:

Cl
Cl

SMILES string:

storage temp.:

room temp

suitability:

complies for appearance of solution

suitability:

vapor density:

1.3 (vs air)

vapor density:

1.3 (vs air)

vapor density:

1.3 (vs air)

vapor density:

1.3 (vs air)

vapor pressure:

3.23 psi ( 21.1 °C)
7.93 psi ( 37.7 °C)

vapor pressure:

3.23 psi ( 21.1 °C)
7.93 psi ( 37.7 °C)

vapor pressure:

3.23 psi ( 21.1 °C)
7.93 psi ( 37.7 °C)

vapor pressure:

3.23 psi ( 21.1 °C)
7.93 psi ( 37.7 °C)

Quality Level:

Quality Level:

Quality Level:

Quality Level:

Usage and Safety

Application

Monitoring the extraction of copper from chicken dung leachate using an aluminium electrode as an indicator.: Hydrochloric acid is employed in the extraction process of copper from chicken dung, demonstrating its role in environmental and waste management (Kugeria et al., 2019).

Composition and physico-chemical properties of bottom sediments in the southern part of the Bratsk Reservoir (Russia).: This study utilizes hydrochloric acid to analyze the composition and properties of reservoir sediments, contributing to water quality assessment and environmental monitoring (Rzetala et al., 2019).

Enhanced alumina recovery from secondary aluminum dross for high purity nanostructured γ-alumina powder production: Kinetic study.: Hydrochloric acid is used to recover alumina from aluminum dross, highlighting its importance in recycling and material science (Mahinroosta et al., 2018).

Cytochalasins from an Australian Marine Sediment-Derived Phomopsis sp. (CMB-M0042F): Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Cycloadditions Enhance Chemical Diversity.: This research demonstrates the use of hydrochloric acid in facilitating intramolecular cycloadditions, enhancing chemical diversity in natural product synthesis (Shang et al., 2017).

Microbial and chemical analysis of illicit drugs samples confiscated from different areas of Pakistan.: Hydrochloric acid is applied in the chemical analysis of illicit drugs, assisting in forensic and law enforcement efforts (Hussain et al., 2016).

Unlocking high-performance HCl adsorption at elevated temperatures: This research demonstrates the use of hydrochloric acid solution for synthesizing robust Ca-Mg-Al mixed oxides. These materials are crucial in environmental applications for adsorbing acidic gases, showcasing hydrochloric acid′s role in developing solutions to combat air pollution (Cao et al., 2024).

Sustainable and Green Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel: Hydrochloric acid is utilized here to test new, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. This is vital in industries where maintaining material integrity against chemical attack is crucial, highlighting hydrochloric acid′s role in innovative material science applications (Rizi et al., 2023).

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanorods from Zinc Borate Precursor: This study uses hydrochloric acid in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods, important for supercapacitor applications. It underscores the critical role of hydrochloric acid in nanomaterials research, pushing the boundaries of energy storage technology (Lefdhil et al., 2023).

An improved digestion and analysis procedure for silicon in plant tissue: Hydrochloric acid is employed to digest plant tissues for silicon content analysis, enhancing agricultural and biological research methodologies. This application reflects the importance of hydrochloric acid in scientific studies that require precise chemical processing (Langenfeld and Bugbee, 2023).

N-N(+) Bond-Forming Intramolecular Cyclization of O-Tosyloxy beta-Aminopropioamidoximes and Ion Exchange Reaction: In this research, hydrochloric acid plays a key role in organic synthesis, demonstrating its versatility in pharmaceutical compound development. The study provides insights into the synthesis of complex organic compounds, which are vital in medicinal chemistry (Kayukova et al., 2023).

Unlocking high-performance HCl adsorption at elevated temperatures: This research demonstrates the use of hydrochloric acid solution for synthesizing robust Ca-Mg-Al mixed oxides. These materials are crucial in environmental applications for adsorbing acidic gases, showcasing hydrochloric acid′s role in developing solutions to combat air pollution (Cao et al., 2024).

Sustainable and Green Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel: Hydrochloric acid is utilized here to test new, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. This is vital in industries where maintaining material integrity against chemical attack is crucial, highlighting hydrochloric acid′s role in innovative material science applications (Rizi et al., 2023).

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanorods from Zinc Borate Precursor: This study uses hydrochloric acid in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods, important for supercapacitor applications. It underscores the critical role of hydrochloric acid in nanomaterials research, pushing the boundaries of energy storage technology (Lefdhil et al., 2023).

An improved digestion and analysis procedure for silicon in plant tissue: Hydrochloric acid is employed to digest plant tissues for silicon content analysis, enhancing agricultural and biological research methodologies. This application reflects the importance of hydrochloric acid in scientific studies that require precise chemical processing (Langenfeld and Bugbee, 2023).

N-N(+) Bond-Forming Intramolecular Cyclization of O-Tosyloxy β-Aminopropioamidoximes and Ion Exchange Reaction: In this research, hydrochloric acid plays a key role in organic synthesis, demonstrating its versatility in pharmaceutical compound development. The study provides insights into the synthesis of complex organic compounds, which are vital in medicinal chemistry (Kayukova et al., 2023).

Chlorine source for safer, greener chlorination of aromatic compounds and a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

Highly Selective Oxidative Monochlorination To Synthesize Organic Intermediates: 2-Chlorotoluene, 2-Chloroaniline, 2-Chlorophenol, and 2-Chloro-4-methylphenol

A Convenient Halogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with OXONE^® and Hydrohalic Acid (HBr, HCl)

Risk and Safety

Pictograms: GHS05,GHS07

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements: H290,H314,H335

Precautionary Statements: P234 - P261 - P271 - P280 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications:

Eye Dam. 1 - Met. Corr. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - STOT SE 3

Target Organs:

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code:

8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials

WGK:

WGK 1

Flash Point(F):

Not applicable

Flash Point(C):

Not applicable

Pictograms: GHS05,GHS07

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements: H290,H314,H335

Precautionary Statements: P234 - P261 - P271 - P280 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications:

Eye Dam. 1 - Met. Corr. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - STOT SE 3

Target Organs:

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code:

8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials

WGK:

WGK 1

Flash Point(F):

Not applicable

Flash Point(C):

Not applicable

Pictograms: GHS05,GHS07

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements: H290,H314,H335

Precautionary Statements: P234 - P261 - P271 - P280 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications:

Eye Dam. 1 - Met. Corr. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - STOT SE 3

Target Organs:

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code:

8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials

WGK:

WGK 1

Flash Point(F):

Not applicable

Flash Point(C):

Not applicable

Pictograms: GHS05,GHS07

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements: H290,H314,H335

Precautionary Statements: P234 - P261 - P271 - P280 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P305 + P351 + P338

Hazard Classifications:

Eye Dam. 1 - Met. Corr. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - STOT SE 3

Target Organs:

Respiratory system

Storage Class Code:

8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials

WGK:

WGK 1

Flash Point(F):

Not applicable

Flash Point(C):

Not applicable