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861049

Sigma-Aldrich

Azure A chloride

certified by the Biological Stain Commission, Dye content 70 %

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Synonym(s):
Methylene blue
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C14H14ClN3S
CAS Number:
531-53-3
Molecular Weight:
291.80
Colour Index Number:
52005
Beilstein:
3922287
EC Number:
208-510-7
MDL number:
MFCD00012112
UNSPSC Code:
12171500
PubChem Substance ID:
329769437
NACRES:
NA.47

grade

certified by the Biological Stain Commission

Quality Level

200

form

powder

composition

Dye content, 70%

color

blue to very dark blue
very dark green

mp

290 °C (dec.) (lit.)

solubility

H2O: 1 mg/mL

λmax

633 nm

ε (extinction coefficient)

≥11000 at 242-246 nm in H2O at -1
≥26000 at 287-291 nm in H2O
≥34000 at 620-634 μm in H2O

application(s)

diagnostic assay manufacturing
hematology
histology

storage temp.

room temp

SMILES string

NC1=CC(SC(C2=N3)=CC(C=C2)=[N+](C)C)=C3C=C1.[Cl-]

InChI

1S/C14H13N3S.ClH/c1-17(2)10-4-6-12-14(8-10)18-13-7-9(15)3-5-11(13)16-12;/h3-8,15H,1-2H3;1H

InChI key

NALREUIWICQLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Application

Azure A has been used to determine the amount of charged dextran sulfate in the nanoparticles for the study involving incorporation of heparin-binding proteins into preformed dextran sulfate-chitosan nanoparticles.

Biochem/physiol Actions

The combination of azure A and silver staining is used for the quantification of glycosaminoglycans in agarose gels. It is also used for the staining of chromosomes in the nucleus. Azure A is a main component of the azure B/polychromed methylene blue-eosin stains family, also referred to as the Romanowsky stain. Azure A is a basic cationic dye.

Suitability

Certified for use in Lillie′s modified Nocht′s method and the NCCLS method for blood smears.

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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How Romanowsky stains work and why they remain valuable - including a proposed universal Romanowsky staining mechanism and a rational troubleshooting scheme.
Horobin RW
Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 86, 36-51 (2011)
Quantification and characterization of glycosaminoglycans at the nanogram level by a combined azure A-silver staining in agarose gels.
van de Lest CH, et al.
Analytical Biochemistry, 221, 356-361 (1994)
Paula Zaman et al.
International journal of nanomedicine, 11, 6149-6159 (2016-12-07)
Incorporation of proteins into dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (DSCS NPs) is commonly performed using entrapment procedures, in which protein molecules are mixed with DS and CS until particle formation occurs. As DS is an analog of heparin, the authors
P Chieco et al.
The Histochemical journal, 25(8), 569-577 (1993-08-01)
Mitotic index is a clinically important parameter in cancer pathology. We developed a staining method using Toluidine Blue to detect efficiently and rapidly mitotic figures in sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human and rat tissues. Sections were stained at acid pH
F Battaglini et al.
Bioconjugate chemistry, 5(5), 430-435 (1994-09-01)
The bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of five organic two-electron redox mediators with reduced glucose oxidase (GOx) were determined by measuring voltammetric electrocatalytic currents at glassy carbon electrodes in the presence of excess glucose under anaerobic conditions. The mediators
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