SAPK Pathway Explorer Antibody Minipack

Pathway Explorer Antibody MiniPack:
Each Pathway Explorer Antibody Minipack contains three related antibodies as part of a signaling cascade or a combination of total and phosphorylated forms of key signaling targets. Each of the three antibodies are 30% the original pack size. Full size versions of each of the Pathway Explorer antibodies are available for sale individually under the same catalog number with the removal of “SP” off of each one (e.g. 05-591SP can be ordered as 05-591).

MKK6/SKK3:
MKK6 (MAP2K6, MEK6) is a dual kinase that phosphorylates both threonine and tyrosine residues in the TxY activation motif of p38 just as MEK1/2 does for Erk1/2. The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family is a subfamily of the JNK/SAPK family that have traditionally been associated with stress, immune response, and regulation of cel proliferation. They are activated by treatment of cells with cytokines and by exposure to environmental stress. The effects of these stimuli on p38 MAP Kinase are mediated by the MAP Kinase Kinases (MKKs) MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6. MKK6 appears to be involved in cell cycle, transcription, and apoptosis.

p38α:
The p38 family of kinases, also known as the SAPK2/3 Kinases, are a subfamily of JNK/SAPK family that have traditionally been associated with stress, immune response, and regulation of cell proliferation. The p38 MAPK family of Ser/Thr kinases, referred to as the stress-activated MAPK, is made up of 4 isoforms α,β, δ, and γ. They are regulated by stress-inducing signals such as osmotic stress, UV radiation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and certain toxins such as anisomycin. Upon stimulation, they are dually phosphorylated on their common TGY motif resulting in their activation, which is Thr180/Tyr182 in human p38α. Once activated, p38 is able to phosphorylate a wide array of targets including numerous kinases such as MAPKAP-K2 and ATF-2. p38 has been implicated in many pathological conditions that include inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

ATF2:
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family of proteins. Transcriptionally active ATF2 recognizes and binds to specific ATF/CRE motifs as homo- or heterodimers with other bZIP transcription factors of the ATF/CREB or AP-1 families. ATF2 is regulated by phosphorylation on Thr69/71. Two major kinases known to phosphorylate these sites are the two Stress Activated Protein Kinases (SAPK) Jun and p38 that are mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Phosphorylation and dimerization are required for the full transcriptional activity of ATF2. Transcriptional regulation by ATF2 has been implicated in mediating many diverse cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, immune and stress responses, inflammatory cytokine signaling, and oncogenic transformation.

*See full size versions for corresponding references.

Research Category
Signaling

Apoptosis & Cancer

Research Sub Category
MAP Kinases

Transcription Factors

This Antibody pack contains Anti-MKK6/SKK3 Antibody, Anti-phospho-p38α Antibody(Thr180/Tyr182), Anti-phospho-ATF2 Antibody(Thr69/71).

Each vial is 30% the size of the parent catalog number

07-417SP Anti-MKK6/SKK3

09-272SP Anti-phospho-p38α (Thr180/Tyr182)

05-891SP Anti-phospho-ATF2 (Thr69/71),
clone AW65

3 individual tubes containing either Anti-MKK6/SKK3; Anti-phospho-p38α (Thr180/Tyr182): or Anti-phospho-ATF2 (Thr69/71),
clone AW65

UPSTATE is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.