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  • Incoming human papillomavirus type 16 genome resides in a vesicular compartment throughout mitosis.

Incoming human papillomavirus type 16 genome resides in a vesicular compartment throughout mitosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2016-05-18)
Stephen DiGiuseppe, Wioleta Luszczek, Timothy R Keiffer, Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba, Lucile G M Guion, Martin J Sapp
ABSTRACT

During the entry process, the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is trafficked to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), whereupon it enters the nucleus during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that the minor capsid protein L2 assumes a transmembranous conformation in the TGN. Here we provide evidence that the incoming viral genome dissociates from the TGN and associates with microtubules after the onset of mitosis. Deposition onto mitotic chromosomes is L2-mediated. Using differential staining of an incoming viral genome by small molecular dyes in selectively permeabilized cells, nuclease protection, and flotation assays, we found that HPV resides in a membrane-bound vesicle until mitosis is completed and the nuclear envelope has reformed. As a result, expression of the incoming viral genome is delayed. Taken together, these data provide evidence that HPV has evolved a unique strategy for delivering the viral genome to the nucleus of dividing cells. Furthermore, it is unlikely that nuclear vesicles are unique to HPV, and thus we may have uncovered a hitherto unrecognized cellular pathway that may be of interest for future cell biological studies.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Nocodazole, Inhibitor of mitosis.
Sigma-Aldrich
Eg5 Inhibitor III, Dimethylenastron, The Eg5 Inhibitor III, Dimethylenastron, also referenced under CAS 863774-58-7, controls the biological activity of Eg5. This small molecule/inhibitor is primarily used for Membrane applications.
Sigma-Aldrich
Bafilomycin A1, Streptomyces griseus, Bafilomycin A1, CAS 88899-55-2, acts as a highly potent and specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (Ki = 500 pM). Blocks the fusion of autophagosome with lysosome.
Sigma-Aldrich
Monastrol, A potent, cell-permeable, non-tubulin-interacting mitosis inhibitor.
Sigma-Aldrich
Anti-Early Endosomal Antigen 1 (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit, ~1 mg/mL, affinity isolated antibody, buffered aqueous solution